Chapter 15
15.1 THE CHEMISTRY OF HALOALKANES
Nucleophiles An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an
electron deficient carbon atom, where it donates
a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
Give three examples of nucleophiles OH-, H2O, NH3-
Hydrolysis A reaction with water that breaks a chemical
compound into 2 compounds, the H and OH in a
water molecule becomes incorporated into the
two compounds
Nucleophilic substitution A reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to
an electron-deficient carbon atom and replaces
an atom or group of atoms on it
Give the reaction of CH3CH2Cl with OH- and
describe what is happening
What type of bond breaking?
What angle does the OH- approach the
halogen atom and why?
Give the reaction of 1-bromobutane to an CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + NaOH →
alcohol CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + NaBr
Which haloalkane will react the fastest and C-I because less energy is required to break the
why? C-I bond than other carbon-halogen bonds.
How could you measure the rate of hydrolysis Carry out the reaction in the presence of
of primary haloalkanes? aqueous silver nitrate and time how long it takes
for each precipitate to form.Ethanol as cosolvent
15.2 ORGANOHALOGEN COMPOUNDS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
15.1 THE CHEMISTRY OF HALOALKANES
Nucleophiles An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an
electron deficient carbon atom, where it donates
a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond
Give three examples of nucleophiles OH-, H2O, NH3-
Hydrolysis A reaction with water that breaks a chemical
compound into 2 compounds, the H and OH in a
water molecule becomes incorporated into the
two compounds
Nucleophilic substitution A reaction in which a nucleophile is attracted to
an electron-deficient carbon atom and replaces
an atom or group of atoms on it
Give the reaction of CH3CH2Cl with OH- and
describe what is happening
What type of bond breaking?
What angle does the OH- approach the
halogen atom and why?
Give the reaction of 1-bromobutane to an CH3CH2CH2CH2Br + NaOH →
alcohol CH3CH2CH2CH2OH + NaBr
Which haloalkane will react the fastest and C-I because less energy is required to break the
why? C-I bond than other carbon-halogen bonds.
How could you measure the rate of hydrolysis Carry out the reaction in the presence of
of primary haloalkanes? aqueous silver nitrate and time how long it takes
for each precipitate to form.Ethanol as cosolvent
15.2 ORGANOHALOGEN COMPOUNDS IN THE ENVIRONMENT
