11.1 and 11.2
Organic chemistry The study of the structure, properties,
composition, reactions and preparation of carbon-
containing compounds
Alkyne At least one C☰C
Name the 3 homologous series of aliphatic Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
hydrocarbons
Homologous series A series of organic compounds with the same
functional group but with each successive
member differing by CH2
Aliphatic Carbon atoms joined in unbranched or branched
chains
Alicyclic Carbon atoms joined in ring structures
Aromatic Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a
benzene ring
Functional group Part of the organic molecule that is largely
responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties
11.3 and 11.4
Displayed formula Shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms
in a molecule and the bonds between them
Structural formula A formula showing the minimal detail for the
arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Skeletal formula A simplified organic formula with hydrogen atoms
removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon
skeleton and associated functional groups
Structural isomerism Compounds with the same molecular formula but
different structural formula
Chain isomerism Carbon units in different positions eg straight
chain or branched
Position isomerism Same functional group but in different positions
along the carbon chain
Functional group isomerism Different functional group
Stereoisomerism Compounds with the same structural formula but
a different arrangement of atoms in 3D space
Organic chemistry The study of the structure, properties,
composition, reactions and preparation of carbon-
containing compounds
Alkyne At least one C☰C
Name the 3 homologous series of aliphatic Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes
hydrocarbons
Homologous series A series of organic compounds with the same
functional group but with each successive
member differing by CH2
Aliphatic Carbon atoms joined in unbranched or branched
chains
Alicyclic Carbon atoms joined in ring structures
Aromatic Some or all of the carbon atoms are found in a
benzene ring
Functional group Part of the organic molecule that is largely
responsible for the molecule’s chemical properties
11.3 and 11.4
Displayed formula Shows the relative positioning of all of the atoms
in a molecule and the bonds between them
Structural formula A formula showing the minimal detail for the
arrangement of atoms in a molecule
Skeletal formula A simplified organic formula with hydrogen atoms
removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon
skeleton and associated functional groups
Structural isomerism Compounds with the same molecular formula but
different structural formula
Chain isomerism Carbon units in different positions eg straight
chain or branched
Position isomerism Same functional group but in different positions
along the carbon chain
Functional group isomerism Different functional group
Stereoisomerism Compounds with the same structural formula but
a different arrangement of atoms in 3D space
