RANSLEY FERNANDES ADMIN NO. 40202
UNIT 9 HUMAN REGULATION AND REPRODUCTION
LEARNING AIM A
DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN HOW THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND HOW THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
REGULATES BOTH.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE SOMATIC
SPINAL CORD NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE BRAIN THE AUTONOMIC
The spinal cord have The Somatic
The brain is in NERVOUS SYSTEM
nerves between the nervous system
three main parts The autonomic nervous
brain and the spinal takes information to
which are the hind system controls the
cord the central nervous
brain, the mid involuntary procedures in system from sensory
brain and the fore the body such as organs. The relay
brain. respiration, heart rate, motors gives
The brain stem digestion and pupil instructions to
attaches the brain contraction; it works muscles to manage
to spinal cord. automatically with no
deliberate direction.
THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS THE PARASYMPATHETIC
SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous
makes the body ready for action system helps with calming or
and stress; this is known as fight cooling the body and also
or flight. helps protecting energy in
body.
, RANSLEY FERNANDES ADMIN NO. 40202
The Autonomous nervous system is divided in to two:
The sympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system are The parasympathetic nervous system is
involved in fight or flight response. involved in order to maintain
The sympathetic nervous system makes homeostasis and allows rest and also
the body ready for any possible danger. digest response.
The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system
contains short neuron pathways helps with directing the body to calm.
therefore it has faster responding time. The parasympathetic nervous system
The pupil in the sympathetic nervous has long neuron pathways and hence it
system will dilate in order to allow more will have short responding time.
light. The pupils in the parasympathetic
The saliva secretion in sympathetic nervous will contract.
nervous system will slow down. The secretion of saliva in
In sympathetic nervous system the parasympathetic nervous system will
hormone adrenaline is released to increase and digestion will also increase.
increase the heart rate. This increased In parasympathetic nervous system the
heart rate will lead to increase of oxygen hormone acetylcholine is released in
and nutrients that reach the brain and order to lower and control the heart
muscle. The increased heart rate and rate.
breathing rate will redirect the flow to Receptor known as baroreceptor reflex
the muscles away from digestive system. will trigger the parasympathetic nervous
In sympathetic nervous system the liver system. It will create relaxation of blood
will be stimulated in order to release vessels, by lowering the peripheral
glucose in bloodstream which will supply resistance. The parasympathetic nervous
more energy which is ready to power system will also lower the heart rate and
the muscles when it is required. breathing rate, which as a result will
The function of sympathetic nervous direct the flow to the muscles towards
system is to control the response in the the digestive system. Due to decrease in
body when it is relax and also controls heart rate the blood pressure reaches to
the response in the body when there is a its normal level.
threat. The major function of parasympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system is nervous system is to maintain energy as
composed of cell bodies that are it lowers the heart rate and give rise to
situated within the gray column of spinal the activity of intestinal and gland; it
cord. also relaxes the sphincter muscle in the
The stimulation will create gastrointestinal tract.
vasoconstriction, majority of blood The parasympathetic nervous system is
vessels, which are also present in the made up of cranial and spinal nerves.
skin, the digestive tract and the kidneys. The majority of blood vessels present in
This will appear due to activation of the body do not contain
alpha-1 adrenergic receptors by parasympathetic innervation. However
norepinephrine receptors which are the parasympathetic nerves do get
released by post ganglionic sympathetic supplied to the salivary gland,
neurons. gastrointestinal gland and genital
UNIT 9 HUMAN REGULATION AND REPRODUCTION
LEARNING AIM A
DESCRIBE AND EXPLAIN HOW THE CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY
SYSTEM INTERACT WITH EACH OTHER AND HOW THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
REGULATES BOTH.
THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE SOMATIC
SPINAL CORD NERVOUS SYSTEM
THE BRAIN THE AUTONOMIC
The spinal cord have The Somatic
The brain is in NERVOUS SYSTEM
nerves between the nervous system
three main parts The autonomic nervous
brain and the spinal takes information to
which are the hind system controls the
cord the central nervous
brain, the mid involuntary procedures in system from sensory
brain and the fore the body such as organs. The relay
brain. respiration, heart rate, motors gives
The brain stem digestion and pupil instructions to
attaches the brain contraction; it works muscles to manage
to spinal cord. automatically with no
deliberate direction.
THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS THE PARASYMPATHETIC
SYSTEM NERVOUS SYSTEM
The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous
makes the body ready for action system helps with calming or
and stress; this is known as fight cooling the body and also
or flight. helps protecting energy in
body.
, RANSLEY FERNANDES ADMIN NO. 40202
The Autonomous nervous system is divided in to two:
The sympathetic nervous system
The parasympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system are The parasympathetic nervous system is
involved in fight or flight response. involved in order to maintain
The sympathetic nervous system makes homeostasis and allows rest and also
the body ready for any possible danger. digest response.
The sympathetic nervous system The parasympathetic nervous system
contains short neuron pathways helps with directing the body to calm.
therefore it has faster responding time. The parasympathetic nervous system
The pupil in the sympathetic nervous has long neuron pathways and hence it
system will dilate in order to allow more will have short responding time.
light. The pupils in the parasympathetic
The saliva secretion in sympathetic nervous will contract.
nervous system will slow down. The secretion of saliva in
In sympathetic nervous system the parasympathetic nervous system will
hormone adrenaline is released to increase and digestion will also increase.
increase the heart rate. This increased In parasympathetic nervous system the
heart rate will lead to increase of oxygen hormone acetylcholine is released in
and nutrients that reach the brain and order to lower and control the heart
muscle. The increased heart rate and rate.
breathing rate will redirect the flow to Receptor known as baroreceptor reflex
the muscles away from digestive system. will trigger the parasympathetic nervous
In sympathetic nervous system the liver system. It will create relaxation of blood
will be stimulated in order to release vessels, by lowering the peripheral
glucose in bloodstream which will supply resistance. The parasympathetic nervous
more energy which is ready to power system will also lower the heart rate and
the muscles when it is required. breathing rate, which as a result will
The function of sympathetic nervous direct the flow to the muscles towards
system is to control the response in the the digestive system. Due to decrease in
body when it is relax and also controls heart rate the blood pressure reaches to
the response in the body when there is a its normal level.
threat. The major function of parasympathetic
The sympathetic nervous system is nervous system is to maintain energy as
composed of cell bodies that are it lowers the heart rate and give rise to
situated within the gray column of spinal the activity of intestinal and gland; it
cord. also relaxes the sphincter muscle in the
The stimulation will create gastrointestinal tract.
vasoconstriction, majority of blood The parasympathetic nervous system is
vessels, which are also present in the made up of cranial and spinal nerves.
skin, the digestive tract and the kidneys. The majority of blood vessels present in
This will appear due to activation of the body do not contain
alpha-1 adrenergic receptors by parasympathetic innervation. However
norepinephrine receptors which are the parasympathetic nerves do get
released by post ganglionic sympathetic supplied to the salivary gland,
neurons. gastrointestinal gland and genital
