MATH 1280: INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS
Final Exam Practice Assessment
2025 Practice Edition
100 Multiple-Choice Questions with Answers and Rationales
Original course-aligned practice assessment; not an official or reproduced University of
the People examination
Page 1 of 31
,Table of Contents
Section 1: Descriptive Statistics & Data Presentation (Questions 1–15) ........................................ 3
Section 2: Probability Fundamentals & Rules (Questions 16–30) ........................................ 7
Section 3: Discrete Random Variables & Probability Distributions (Questions 31–45)
........................................ 11
Section 4: Continuous Random Variables & Normal Distribution (Questions 46–60)
........................................ 15
Section 5: Sampling Distributions & Central Limit Theorem (Questions 61–75)
........................................ 19
Section 6: Estimation, Confidence Intervals & Hypothesis Testing (Questions 76–90)
........................................ 24
Section 7: Correlation, Regression & Applied Statistical Reasoning (Questions 91–100)
........................................ 29
Page 2 of 31
,Section 1: Descriptive Statistics & Data Presentation (Questions 1–15)
Q1: A researcher records each participant’s blood type as A, B, AB, or O. What type of
variable is this?
A. Quantitative continuous
B. Quantitative discrete
C. Categorical nominal [CORRECT]
D. Categorical ordinal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood type consists of labels without a natural order, so it is nominal categorical
data.
Q2: A survey asks participants to rate satisfaction from “very dissatisfied” to “very
satisfied.” The response variable is:
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal [CORRECT]
C. Ratio
D. Continuous
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The categories have a meaningful order, but the gaps between them are not
measured as equal.
Q3: A data set contains 4, 7, 7, 8, and 14. What is its mean?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8 [CORRECT]
D. 40
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sum is 40 and there are 5 observations, so the mean is 40/5 = 8.
Q4: A data set contains 2, 5, 9, 12, and 22. What is the median?
A. 5
B. 9 [CORRECT]
C. 10
D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ordered list has five values, so the middle value is 9.
Page 3 of 31
, Q5: For the values 3, 4, 4, 4, 9, and 12, what is the mode?
A. 3
B. 4 [CORRECT]
C. 6
D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Four occurs most often, so it is the mode.
Q6: The daily temperatures in a week are 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, and 31 °C. What is the
range?
A. 7 °C
B. 13 °C [CORRECT]
C. 18 °C
D. 31 °C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Range is maximum minus minimum: 31 − 18 = 13 °C.
Q7: A sample is 2, 4, and 6. Using the sample-variance formula with denominator n−1,
what is the sample variance?
A. 2
B. 4 [CORRECT]
C. 8/3
D. 16/3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The mean is 4; the squared deviations sum to 8, and s² = 8/(3−1) = 4.
Q8: A sample has standard deviation 5 units. What is its variance?
A. 2.5 units
B. 5 units
C. 10 units²
D. 25 units² [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Variance is the square of standard deviation: 5² = 25 units².
Page 4 of 31
Final Exam Practice Assessment
2025 Practice Edition
100 Multiple-Choice Questions with Answers and Rationales
Original course-aligned practice assessment; not an official or reproduced University of
the People examination
Page 1 of 31
,Table of Contents
Section 1: Descriptive Statistics & Data Presentation (Questions 1–15) ........................................ 3
Section 2: Probability Fundamentals & Rules (Questions 16–30) ........................................ 7
Section 3: Discrete Random Variables & Probability Distributions (Questions 31–45)
........................................ 11
Section 4: Continuous Random Variables & Normal Distribution (Questions 46–60)
........................................ 15
Section 5: Sampling Distributions & Central Limit Theorem (Questions 61–75)
........................................ 19
Section 6: Estimation, Confidence Intervals & Hypothesis Testing (Questions 76–90)
........................................ 24
Section 7: Correlation, Regression & Applied Statistical Reasoning (Questions 91–100)
........................................ 29
Page 2 of 31
,Section 1: Descriptive Statistics & Data Presentation (Questions 1–15)
Q1: A researcher records each participant’s blood type as A, B, AB, or O. What type of
variable is this?
A. Quantitative continuous
B. Quantitative discrete
C. Categorical nominal [CORRECT]
D. Categorical ordinal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood type consists of labels without a natural order, so it is nominal categorical
data.
Q2: A survey asks participants to rate satisfaction from “very dissatisfied” to “very
satisfied.” The response variable is:
A. Nominal
B. Ordinal [CORRECT]
C. Ratio
D. Continuous
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The categories have a meaningful order, but the gaps between them are not
measured as equal.
Q3: A data set contains 4, 7, 7, 8, and 14. What is its mean?
A. 6
B. 7
C. 8 [CORRECT]
D. 40
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The sum is 40 and there are 5 observations, so the mean is 40/5 = 8.
Q4: A data set contains 2, 5, 9, 12, and 22. What is the median?
A. 5
B. 9 [CORRECT]
C. 10
D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The ordered list has five values, so the middle value is 9.
Page 3 of 31
, Q5: For the values 3, 4, 4, 4, 9, and 12, what is the mode?
A. 3
B. 4 [CORRECT]
C. 6
D. 12
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Four occurs most often, so it is the mode.
Q6: The daily temperatures in a week are 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, and 31 °C. What is the
range?
A. 7 °C
B. 13 °C [CORRECT]
C. 18 °C
D. 31 °C
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Range is maximum minus minimum: 31 − 18 = 13 °C.
Q7: A sample is 2, 4, and 6. Using the sample-variance formula with denominator n−1,
what is the sample variance?
A. 2
B. 4 [CORRECT]
C. 8/3
D. 16/3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The mean is 4; the squared deviations sum to 8, and s² = 8/(3−1) = 4.
Q8: A sample has standard deviation 5 units. What is its variance?
A. 2.5 units
B. 5 units
C. 10 units²
D. 25 units² [CORRECT]
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Variance is the square of standard deviation: 5² = 25 units².
Page 4 of 31
