HESI A2 FINAL EXAM
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) WITH EXPERT
EXPLANATIONS | 2026 – 2027 UPDATE
(PDF)
1. Which of the following valves prevents blood from backflowing into the right atrium?
A. Mitral valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Tricuspid valve
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right
ventricle, preventing backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction.
2. In the human respiratory system, where does the actual exchange of gases occur?
A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
,D. Pharynx
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The alveoli are tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream.
3. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian
follicles?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates
the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females.
4. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic vital functions such as heart rate
and respiration?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Thalamus
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The medulla oblongata, part of the brainstem, contains the
cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Cortex
B. Glomerulus
C. Ureter
D. Nephron
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney
responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
6. Which type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption or breakdown of bone tissue?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteogenic cells
Answer: A
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY GUIDE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) WITH EXPERT
EXPLANATIONS | 2026 – 2027 UPDATE
(PDF)
1. Which of the following valves prevents blood from backflowing into the right atrium?
A. Mitral valve
B. Aortic valve
C. Pulmonary valve
D. Tricuspid valve
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and right
ventricle, preventing backflow into the atrium during ventricular contraction.
2. In the human respiratory system, where does the actual exchange of gases occur?
A. Bronchioles
B. Alveoli
C. Trachea
,D. Pharynx
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: The alveoli are tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles where
oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the lungs and the bloodstream.
3. Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of ovarian
follicles?
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
B. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
C. Progesterone
D. Oxytocin
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates
the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females.
4. Which part of the brain is responsible for regulating basic vital functions such as heart rate
and respiration?
A. Cerebrum
B. Cerebellum
C. Medulla oblongata
D. Thalamus
, Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The medulla oblongata, part of the brainstem, contains the
cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers.
5. What is the functional unit of the kidney?
A. Cortex
B. Glomerulus
C. Ureter
D. Nephron
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: The nephron is the structural and functional unit of the kidney
responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
6. Which type of bone cell is responsible for the resorption or breakdown of bone tissue?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteogenic cells
Answer: A
