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Following prolonged periods of detraining in elite strength/power
athletes, which of the following physical characteristics will likely show
the largest reduction as a consequence of the removal of an anaerobic
training stimulus?
total fat mass
fast-twitch fiber CSA
slow-twitch fiber CSA
total Type I muscle fiber content
fast-twitch fiber CSA
Following a period of chronic high-intensity resistance training, a variety
of physiological adaptations take place in a number of systems within
the body that promote improved athletic performance in
strength/power activities. If an elite athlete were to undergo 12 weeks of
heavy strength training, which of the following adaptations would NOT
be expected consequent to this type of anaerobic exercise?
transition from Type IIx to Type IIa muscle fiber
increased pennation angle in certain muscle groups
reduced SR and T-tubule density
elevated NA-K ATPase activity
reduced SR and T-tubule density
,In which of the following athletes might you expect limited bone mineral
density (BMD) levels as a consequence of the force vectors and the
physical demands associated with the given sport?
16 year old gymnast with a seven-year training history in her sport
a 23 year old offensive lineman who has lifted weights for eight-years
a 22 year old track cyclist who has a 1RM of 352lbs
a 19 year old 800m freestyle swimmer with one year of dryland training
a 19 year old 800m freestyle swimmer with one year of dryland training
A 17 year old high school cross-country runner has been training
aerobically for six months in preparation for the upcoming season.
Which of the following adaptations will occur in the muscles during that
time?
increased concentration of glycolytic enzymes
hyperplasia of Type II fibers
transformation from Type I to Type II fibers
hypertrophy of Type 1 fibers
hypertrophy of Type I fibers
The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle during each beat is
the
cardiac output
a-v O2 difference
heart rate
stroke volume
stroke volume
,Which of the following does NOT normally increase during an aerobic
exercise session?
end-diastolic volume
cardiac contractility
cardiac output
diastolic blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
The mean arterial pressure is defines as the
average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
average of the systolic and diastolic blood pressures
average systolic blood pressure during exericse
average of blood pressure and heart rate
average blood pressure throughout the cardiac cycle
Primary training adaptations of elite aerobically trained athletes include
which of the following?
1. increased maximal oxygen uptake
2. decreased blood lactate concentration
3. increased running economy
4. decreased capillary density
a. 1 and 3 only
b. 2 and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
d. 2, 3, and 4 only
c. 1, 2, and 3 only
, An 8-year-old boy dramatically increased his upper body strength after
following a six-month resistance training program. Which of the
following is MOST likely responsible for this gain?
increased number of muscle fibers
enhanced cross-sectional area
greater muscle density
improved neuromuscular functioning
improved neuromuscular functioning
Growth cartilage in children is located at all of the following EXCEPT the
diaphysis
epiphyseal plate
joint surface
apophyseal insertion
diaphysis
The condition characterized by a bone mineral density more than 2.5 SD
below the young adult mean is called
sarcopenia
osteopenia
osteoporosis
scoliosis
osteoporosis