NCLEX RN [2026/2027] | UPDATED ACTUAL | VERIFIED
CORRECT ANSWERS | STEP-BY-STEP SOLUTIONS | EXAM
PREPARATION
• It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to
a group -✓✓ANSWER: Ethnic identity
• Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage,
touch, laughter, humor, & spiritual measures (prayer). -✓✓ANSWER: Low-risk
therapies:
• Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans,
Hispanic Americans, & African Americans. -✓✓ANSWER: High risk of obesity &
diabetes mellitus
• Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is
forbidden. This religious group believes the soul cannot live after death.
Administration of medication is an acceptable practice except if the medication is
derived from blood products. -✓✓ANSWER: Jehovah's Witnesses
• Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat
combination is unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed;
meats that are allowed include animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed,
and ritually slaughtered. -✓✓ANSWER: Orthodox Judaism
• include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based
practices, manipulative & body-based practices, & energy medicine. -
✓✓ANSWER: Five categories of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):
,• Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems.
Dominates group & commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager
addresses problem (quality improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input,
& wants all problems reported directly back to her -✓✓ANSWER: Autocratic
leader
• Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to
determine staff member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff
about any issues & ask the staff for input with developing a plan. -✓✓ANSWER:
Democratic leader
• Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that
the staff needed to come up with a plan to "fix it." -✓✓ANSWER: Laissez-faire
leader
• Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia,
elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck
& hand vein distention, altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit. -✓✓ANSWER:
Overhydration or fluid overload & occurs when fluid intake or fluid retention
• Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes,
pork, beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes -✓✓ANSWER:
Common food sources of potassium:
• Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the
urine would be noted -✓✓ANSWER: Hyponatremia
,• Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum
hydroxide-based or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with
alcoholism. -✓✓ANSWER: Hypophosphatemia
• Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative
factors. Should avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products,
vegetables, whole grains, & carbonated beverages. -✓✓ANSWER:
Hyperphosphatemia
• Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary
output, insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of
ileostomy or colostomy. Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning. -✓✓ANSWER:
Causes of a fluid volume deficit
• Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic
fluid losses, excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion
of sodium. -✓✓ANSWER: Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
• Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis. -✓✓ANSWER:
Hyperkalemia causes:
• Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives. -✓✓ANSWER:
Hypokalemia causes:
• Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic
ketoacidosis; high fat diet; insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates;
malnutrition; ingestion of toxins, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin);
malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion high in bicarbonate & may be
, lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or diarrhea. -✓✓ANSWER:
Metabolic acidotic
• Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase.
Symptoms experienced would include hypoventilation & tachycardia. -
✓✓ANSWER: Metabolic alkalosis
• Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD -✓✓ANSWER:
Respiratory acidotic
• Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness,
confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting,
epigastric pain, numbness & tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea)
occurs. -✓✓ANSWER: Respiratory alkalotic
• Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for
bleeding -✓✓ANSWER: Warfarin (Coumadin)
• aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis.
Monitors extent of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure
heparin effect. Protamine sulfate is antidote. -✓✓ANSWER: Heparin
• Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of
vitamin C, which enhances iron absorption. -✓✓ANSWER: Iron deficiency anemia
foods in diet:
• May lack B12 in diet. -✓✓ANSWER: Vegans
CORRECT ANSWERS | STEP-BY-STEP SOLUTIONS | EXAM
PREPARATION
• It is a subjective perspective of the person's heritage and a sense of belonging to
a group -✓✓ANSWER: Ethnic identity
• Include meditation, relaxation techniques, imagery, music therapy, massage,
touch, laughter, humor, & spiritual measures (prayer). -✓✓ANSWER: Low-risk
therapies:
• Because of their health & dietary practices, Native Americans, Latino Americans,
Hispanic Americans, & African Americans. -✓✓ANSWER: High risk of obesity &
diabetes mellitus
• Surgery is not prohibited, but the administration of blood and blood products is
forbidden. This religious group believes the soul cannot live after death.
Administration of medication is an acceptable practice except if the medication is
derived from blood products. -✓✓ANSWER: Jehovah's Witnesses
• Believers adhere to dietary kosher laws. In this religion, the dairy-meat
combination is unacceptable. Only fish that have scales and fins are allowed;
meats that are allowed include animals that are vegetable eaters, cloven-hoofed,
and ritually slaughtered. -✓✓ANSWER: Orthodox Judaism
• include whole medical systems, mind-body medicine, biologically based
practices, manipulative & body-based practices, & energy medicine. -
✓✓ANSWER: Five categories of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM):
,• Focused, maintains strong control, makes decisions, & addresses all problems.
Dominates group & commands, rather than seeks suggestions or input. Manager
addresses problem (quality improvement) with taff, designs a plan without input,
& wants all problems reported directly back to her -✓✓ANSWER: Autocratic
leader
• Participative & would likely meet with each staff person individually to
determine staff member's perception of problem. Would also speak with the staff
about any issues & ask the staff for input with developing a plan. -✓✓ANSWER:
Democratic leader
• Passive and nondirective. Would state what the problem was & inform staff that
the staff needed to come up with a plan to "fix it." -✓✓ANSWER: Laissez-faire
leader
• Assessment findings include cough, dyspnea, crackles, tachypnea, tachycardia,
elevated blood pressure, bounding pulse, elevated CVP, weight gain, edema, neck
& hand vein distention, altered LOC, & decreased hematocrit. -✓✓ANSWER:
Overhydration or fluid overload & occurs when fluid intake or fluid retention
• Avocado, bananas, cantaloupe, carrots, fish, mushrooms, oranges, potatoes,
pork, beef, veal, raisins, spinach, strawberries, & tomatoes -✓✓ANSWER:
Common food sources of potassium:
• Muscle weakness, increased urinary output, & decreased specific gravity of the
urine would be noted -✓✓ANSWER: Hyponatremia
,• Causative factors relate to malnutrition or starvation & the use of aluminum
hydroxide-based or magnesium-based antacids. Malnutrition is associated with
alcoholism. -✓✓ANSWER: Hypophosphatemia
• Renal insufficiency, hypoparathyroidism, & tumor lysis syndrome; causative
factors. Should avoid foods high in phosphates; fish, eggs, milk products,
vegetables, whole grains, & carbonated beverages. -✓✓ANSWER:
Hyperphosphatemia
• Vomiting, diarrhea, conditions that increased respiration's or increased urinary
output, insufficient intravenous fluid replacement, draining fistulas, presence of
ileostomy or colostomy. Diuretics, & gastrointestinal suctioning. -✓✓ANSWER:
Causes of a fluid volume deficit
• Decreased kidney function, heart failure, hypotonic fluids to replace isotonic
fluid losses, excessive irrigation of wounds & body cavities, & excessive ingestion
of sodium. -✓✓ANSWER: Causes of overhydration or fluid overload:
• Trauma, burns, sepsis, or metabolic or respiratory acidosis. -✓✓ANSWER:
Hyperkalemia causes:
• Cushing's syndrome or colitis & over use of laxatives. -✓✓ANSWER:
Hypokalemia causes:
• Decreased pH & decreased HCO3. Occurs in kidney disease; diabetic
ketoacidosis; high fat diet; insufficient metabolism of carbohydrates;
malnutrition; ingestion of toxins, such as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin);
malnutrition; severe diarrhea. Intestinal secretion high in bicarbonate & may be
, lost through enteric drainage tubes, an ileostomy, or diarrhea. -✓✓ANSWER:
Metabolic acidotic
• Nausea & vomiting. Loss of gastric acid, cause pH & HCO3 to increase.
Symptoms experienced would include hypoventilation & tachycardia. -
✓✓ANSWER: Metabolic alkalosis
• Decreased pH and an increased CO2. Hypoventalation & COPD -✓✓ANSWER:
Respiratory acidotic
• Increased pH & decreased CO2. Hyperventalation, Lethargy, lightheadedness,
confusion, tachycardia, dysrhythmias related to hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting,
epigastric pain, numbness & tingling of extremities. Hyperventilation (tachypnea)
occurs. -✓✓ANSWER: Respiratory alkalotic
• Sample for PT & INR level to determine anticoagulation status & risk for
bleeding -✓✓ANSWER: Warfarin (Coumadin)
• aPTT monitors the effects. Anticoagulant used most often during hemodialysis.
Monitors extent of anticoagulation checking PTT, which is appropriate measure
heparin effect. Protamine sulfate is antidote. -✓✓ANSWER: Heparin
• Dark green leafy vegetables good source iron, oranges are a good source of
vitamin C, which enhances iron absorption. -✓✓ANSWER: Iron deficiency anemia
foods in diet:
• May lack B12 in diet. -✓✓ANSWER: Vegans
