NURS 2873 Final Exam | Columbus State Community
College | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Q1: Terrorism
A: Unlawful use of violence or threats of violence against people in order to coerce or
intimidate"
Q2: Emergency Operation Plan (EOP)
A: The organization's written document describing the process it would implement for
managing the consequences of natural disasters or other emergencies that could disrupt
the organization's ability to provide care, treatment, and services.
Health care facilities are required by the Joint Commission to create a plan for
emergency preparedness and to practice this plan twice a year.
Includes Components of
Activation Response
Internal/External Communication Plan
Plan for Coordinated Care
Security Plan
Identification of External Resources
Plan for People Management and Traffic Flow
Data Management
Demobilization (deactivation) response
After-Action Report/Corrective Plan
Plan for Practice Drills
Anticipated Resources
MCI Planning
Education Plan (for above)
Q3: Triage
A: The sorting of patients to determine priority health care needs and the proper site of
treatment.
•In non-disaster situations healthcare workers assign highest priority and allocate most
resources to the most critically ill.
Emergency Severity Index (ESI) - composed of 5 levels
Q4: Mass Causality Incident (MCI)
A: the number of people killed or injured in a single incident is large enough to strain or
overwhelm a community's ability to respond with existing resources.
Q5: Disaster Triage
A: Priority 1 (red): Life-threatening but survivable with minimal intervention
Priority 2/Delayed (yellow): Significant injuries, require care but can wait without threat
,to life or limb
Priority 3/Minimal (Green): Injuries are minor – treatment can be delayed for hours or
days, separate from main treatment
Priority 4/Expectant (Black): Injured are extensive and survival is unlikely, should be
separated but not abandoned, comfort measures
Q6: Examples of Immediate Injuries (Red Tag)
A: sucking chest wound, airway obstructions, shock, hemothorax, pneumothorax, asphyxia,
unstable chest or abdominal wounds, incomplete amputations, open long bone fractures,
2nd & 3rddegree burns <40% of total body surface
Q7: Examples of Delayed Injuries (Yellow tag)
A: stable abdominal wounds; soft tissue injuries; maxillofacial wounds without airway
compromise; GU tract disruption; fractures requiring open reduction, debridement, and
external fixation; most eye and CNS injuries
Q8: Examples of Minimal Injuries (Green Tag)
A: upper extremity fractures, minor burns, sprains, small lacerations without significant
bleeding, behavioral disorders or psychological disturbances
Q9: Examples of Expectant Injuries (Black Tag)
A: Unresponsive patients with penetrating head wounds, high spinal cord injuries, wounds
involving multiple anatomical sites and organs, 2nd/3rd degree burns >60% of total body
surface, seizures or vomiting within 24 hours after radiation exposure, profound shock
with multiple injuries, agonal respirations, no pulse, no BP, pupils fixed and dilated.
Q10: Blast Injury
A: Caused by Explosive devices
•Factors affecting patient outcome
•Distance
•Enclosed space
•Composition of explosive
•Building collapse
•Pressure wave (blast wave)
Physical Injuries
•Blast lung -Pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, hemothorax
•Tympanic membrane rupture – most common
•Abdominal and head injuries - hemorrhage
•Fractures, traumatic amputations
•Burns
Q11: Chemical Weapons
, A: •Chemical weapons may be used as agents in warfare or for terrorist purposes
•Quickly cause injury and/or death and cause panic and social disruption
Categories: Nerve Agents, Vesicants, Blood Agents, and Pulmonary Agents
Q12: Chemical Nerve Agents
A: •Sarin, Soman, or organophosphates
•Inhibit cholinesterase causing cholinergic symptoms progressing to loss of
consciousness, seizures, copious secretions, apnea, and death
•Treatment: supportive care, atropine, benzodiazepine and pralidoxime
Decontaminate with copious amounts of soap and water or saline for at least 20 minutes
•Blot, do not wipe off
•Plastic equipment will absorb Sarin gas – properly dispose
Q13: Chemical Vesicant Agents
A: •Chemicals that cause blistering and burns, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, pneumonia,
hematopoietic suppression, and death
•Phosgene
•Colorless gas normally used in chemical manufacturing
•If inhaled at high concentrations for long enough period, causes severe respiratory
distress, pulmonary edema, and death
•Mustard gas
•Yellow to brown in color with garlic-like odor – irritates eyes and causes skin
burns/blisters
Decontamination: Decontamination with soap and water; do not scrub (increases
chemical penetration into the skin)
•Eye exposure requires copious irrigation
Q14: Radiation Injuries
A: •Radiation exposure may occur due to nuclear weapon, nuclear reactor incidents,
radiologic dispersal devices (RRDs),or exposure to radioactive samples
•Exposure to radiation is affected by time, distance and shielding
Types of radiation exposure
External irradiation: all or part of the body is exposed to radiation; decontamination is
not necessary; not a medical emergency
Contamination: exposure to radioactive gases liquids or solids; requires immediate
medical management to prevent incorporation
Incorporation: uptake of the radioactive material into the body
Q15: Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)
A: dose of radiation determines if ARS will develop
•All body systems are affected by ARS
•Presenting signs and symptoms determine predicted survival
•Probable survivors have no initial symptoms or only minimal symptoms.
•Possible survivors present with nausea and vomiting that persists for 24–48 hours
•Improbable survivors are acutely ill with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock.
Neurologic symptoms suggest lethal dose. Survival time is variable
, Q16: Radiation Decontamination
A: Triage outside the hospital
Cover floor and use strict isolation precautions to prevent the tracking of the
contaminants
Air ducts and vent are sealed (put in rooms with their own ventilation system)
Waste is double bagged and labeled radiation waste
Staff protection
Water resistant gowns, two pairs of gloves, caps, goggles, masks, and bottles
Dosimetry devices
Patients are surveyed for radiation and directed to the decontamination area
Decontaminate each patient outside the ED with a shower
Water, tarps, towels, soap, gowns, all patient belongings, etc. must be collected and
contained
Patients are resurveyed and reshowered as necessary showering should be performed
to not contaminate clean areas with runoff from the showering
Biologic samples- nasal and throat swabs, blood internal contamination requires
additional treatment- catharsis, gastric lavage with chelating agents.
Q17: General Decontamination
A: •Removal of accumulated contaminants
Two step process initially
1.Remove clothes and jewelry and rinse with water
2.Soap and water
Q18: Biological Weapons
A: Anthrax, Smallpox, Botulism, Plague, Hemorrhagic Fevers
Biological Weapons
•Easily Obtained
•Easily Disseminated
•Significant Mortality and Morbidity
Q19: Management of Biological Threats
A: Rapid Recognition of Potential Agent
Use of proper PPE
Decontamination
Isolation or Quarantine
Admin of Vaccine, Antidote, or Medication to People at Risk
Decontamination using general decontamination process
Botulism has an antitoxin
Vaccines are being developed for other agents
Q20: Smallpox
A: Vaccination within 3 days of exposure will completely prevent or monitor disease
progression
College | UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified
Answers
Q1: Terrorism
A: Unlawful use of violence or threats of violence against people in order to coerce or
intimidate"
Q2: Emergency Operation Plan (EOP)
A: The organization's written document describing the process it would implement for
managing the consequences of natural disasters or other emergencies that could disrupt
the organization's ability to provide care, treatment, and services.
Health care facilities are required by the Joint Commission to create a plan for
emergency preparedness and to practice this plan twice a year.
Includes Components of
Activation Response
Internal/External Communication Plan
Plan for Coordinated Care
Security Plan
Identification of External Resources
Plan for People Management and Traffic Flow
Data Management
Demobilization (deactivation) response
After-Action Report/Corrective Plan
Plan for Practice Drills
Anticipated Resources
MCI Planning
Education Plan (for above)
Q3: Triage
A: The sorting of patients to determine priority health care needs and the proper site of
treatment.
•In non-disaster situations healthcare workers assign highest priority and allocate most
resources to the most critically ill.
Emergency Severity Index (ESI) - composed of 5 levels
Q4: Mass Causality Incident (MCI)
A: the number of people killed or injured in a single incident is large enough to strain or
overwhelm a community's ability to respond with existing resources.
Q5: Disaster Triage
A: Priority 1 (red): Life-threatening but survivable with minimal intervention
Priority 2/Delayed (yellow): Significant injuries, require care but can wait without threat
,to life or limb
Priority 3/Minimal (Green): Injuries are minor – treatment can be delayed for hours or
days, separate from main treatment
Priority 4/Expectant (Black): Injured are extensive and survival is unlikely, should be
separated but not abandoned, comfort measures
Q6: Examples of Immediate Injuries (Red Tag)
A: sucking chest wound, airway obstructions, shock, hemothorax, pneumothorax, asphyxia,
unstable chest or abdominal wounds, incomplete amputations, open long bone fractures,
2nd & 3rddegree burns <40% of total body surface
Q7: Examples of Delayed Injuries (Yellow tag)
A: stable abdominal wounds; soft tissue injuries; maxillofacial wounds without airway
compromise; GU tract disruption; fractures requiring open reduction, debridement, and
external fixation; most eye and CNS injuries
Q8: Examples of Minimal Injuries (Green Tag)
A: upper extremity fractures, minor burns, sprains, small lacerations without significant
bleeding, behavioral disorders or psychological disturbances
Q9: Examples of Expectant Injuries (Black Tag)
A: Unresponsive patients with penetrating head wounds, high spinal cord injuries, wounds
involving multiple anatomical sites and organs, 2nd/3rd degree burns >60% of total body
surface, seizures or vomiting within 24 hours after radiation exposure, profound shock
with multiple injuries, agonal respirations, no pulse, no BP, pupils fixed and dilated.
Q10: Blast Injury
A: Caused by Explosive devices
•Factors affecting patient outcome
•Distance
•Enclosed space
•Composition of explosive
•Building collapse
•Pressure wave (blast wave)
Physical Injuries
•Blast lung -Pulmonary contusions, pneumothorax, hemothorax
•Tympanic membrane rupture – most common
•Abdominal and head injuries - hemorrhage
•Fractures, traumatic amputations
•Burns
Q11: Chemical Weapons
, A: •Chemical weapons may be used as agents in warfare or for terrorist purposes
•Quickly cause injury and/or death and cause panic and social disruption
Categories: Nerve Agents, Vesicants, Blood Agents, and Pulmonary Agents
Q12: Chemical Nerve Agents
A: •Sarin, Soman, or organophosphates
•Inhibit cholinesterase causing cholinergic symptoms progressing to loss of
consciousness, seizures, copious secretions, apnea, and death
•Treatment: supportive care, atropine, benzodiazepine and pralidoxime
Decontaminate with copious amounts of soap and water or saline for at least 20 minutes
•Blot, do not wipe off
•Plastic equipment will absorb Sarin gas – properly dispose
Q13: Chemical Vesicant Agents
A: •Chemicals that cause blistering and burns, conjunctivitis, bronchitis, pneumonia,
hematopoietic suppression, and death
•Phosgene
•Colorless gas normally used in chemical manufacturing
•If inhaled at high concentrations for long enough period, causes severe respiratory
distress, pulmonary edema, and death
•Mustard gas
•Yellow to brown in color with garlic-like odor – irritates eyes and causes skin
burns/blisters
Decontamination: Decontamination with soap and water; do not scrub (increases
chemical penetration into the skin)
•Eye exposure requires copious irrigation
Q14: Radiation Injuries
A: •Radiation exposure may occur due to nuclear weapon, nuclear reactor incidents,
radiologic dispersal devices (RRDs),or exposure to radioactive samples
•Exposure to radiation is affected by time, distance and shielding
Types of radiation exposure
External irradiation: all or part of the body is exposed to radiation; decontamination is
not necessary; not a medical emergency
Contamination: exposure to radioactive gases liquids or solids; requires immediate
medical management to prevent incorporation
Incorporation: uptake of the radioactive material into the body
Q15: Acute Radiation Syndrome (ARS)
A: dose of radiation determines if ARS will develop
•All body systems are affected by ARS
•Presenting signs and symptoms determine predicted survival
•Probable survivors have no initial symptoms or only minimal symptoms.
•Possible survivors present with nausea and vomiting that persists for 24–48 hours
•Improbable survivors are acutely ill with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and shock.
Neurologic symptoms suggest lethal dose. Survival time is variable
, Q16: Radiation Decontamination
A: Triage outside the hospital
Cover floor and use strict isolation precautions to prevent the tracking of the
contaminants
Air ducts and vent are sealed (put in rooms with their own ventilation system)
Waste is double bagged and labeled radiation waste
Staff protection
Water resistant gowns, two pairs of gloves, caps, goggles, masks, and bottles
Dosimetry devices
Patients are surveyed for radiation and directed to the decontamination area
Decontaminate each patient outside the ED with a shower
Water, tarps, towels, soap, gowns, all patient belongings, etc. must be collected and
contained
Patients are resurveyed and reshowered as necessary showering should be performed
to not contaminate clean areas with runoff from the showering
Biologic samples- nasal and throat swabs, blood internal contamination requires
additional treatment- catharsis, gastric lavage with chelating agents.
Q17: General Decontamination
A: •Removal of accumulated contaminants
Two step process initially
1.Remove clothes and jewelry and rinse with water
2.Soap and water
Q18: Biological Weapons
A: Anthrax, Smallpox, Botulism, Plague, Hemorrhagic Fevers
Biological Weapons
•Easily Obtained
•Easily Disseminated
•Significant Mortality and Morbidity
Q19: Management of Biological Threats
A: Rapid Recognition of Potential Agent
Use of proper PPE
Decontamination
Isolation or Quarantine
Admin of Vaccine, Antidote, or Medication to People at Risk
Decontamination using general decontamination process
Botulism has an antitoxin
Vaccines are being developed for other agents
Q20: Smallpox
A: Vaccination within 3 days of exposure will completely prevent or monitor disease
progression
