Nurs 2873 Exam 1 | Columbus State Community College |
UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Q1: Cerebrum
A: Composed of the R and L brain hemispheres divided into 4 lobes.
Q2: Frontal Lobe
A: controls higher cognitive function, memory retention, voluntary eye movements,
voluntary motor movement, and motor functions involved in speech production (Broca
area).
Q3: Temporal Lobe
A: integrates somatic, visual, and auditory data. It contains Wernicke receptive speech area
Q4: Parietal Lobe
A: interprets spatial information. It contains the sensory cortex.
Q5: Occipital Lobe
A: processing of sight
Q6: Brainstem
A: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla;
•Ascending and descending fibers receive and pass on information too/from CNS
•Cranial nerves III to XII
•Reticular formation
•Vital centers concerned with respiratory, vasomotor, and heart functions
Q7: Cerebellum
A: Voluntary movement, trunk stability, and equillibrium
Q8: Thalamus
A: •Major relay center for sensory input from the body, face, retina, cochlear, and taste
receptors
•Connect cerebellum and basal ganglia to frontal cortex
Q9: Limbic System
A: Concerned with emotion, aggression, feeding behavior, and sexual response
Q10: Hypothalamus
, A: •Directly influences the release and transport of hormones from the anterior pituitary
gland
•Satiety center and appetite
•Body temperature
•Water balance
•Circadian rhythm
•Expression of emotion
Q11: Ventricles
A: •Four interconnected, fluid-filled cavities
•Lower part of fourth ventricle becomes central canal
Q12: Cerebrospinal Fluid
A: •Subarachnoid space in brain, brainstem, spinal cord
•Cushions, fluid shifts, carries nutrients
Q13: Basal Ganglia
A: found in the cerebrum and midbrain; initiation, execution, andCompletion of Voluntary
movement, learning, emotional response, andautomatic movements (swallowing saliva,
blinking, swinging arms while walking).
Q14: Primary Brain Injury
A: occurs at the initial time of an injury (e.g., impact of car accident, blunt-force trauma). It
results in displacement, bruising, or damage to any cranial component (brain tissue,
blood, CSF).
Q15: Secondary Brain Injury
A: the resulting hypoxia, ischemia, hypotension, edema, or increased ICP that follows the
primary injury. Secondary injury can occur several hours to days after the initial injury. It is
the modifiable concern when managing brain injury.
Q16: Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
A: the hydrostatic force measured in the brain CSF compartment.
Normal: 5-15
sustained of greater than 20 is abnormal
Q17: Factors that Influence ICP
A: (1) arterial pressure, (2) venous pressure, (3) intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure, (4)
posture, (5) temperature, and (6) blood gases, especially CO2 levels.
Q18: Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
A: the pressure needed to ensure blood flow to the brain
equal to the MAP minus the ICP
,Q19: Increased ICP
A: decreases CPP and increases risk for Brain Ischemia/Infarction
Q20: Causes of Increased ICP
A: Cerebral Edema:from brain tumors, hydrocephalus, head injury, brain inflammation).
Cerebral Infections (meningitis, encephalitis)
Head Injuries/Brain Surgery
Mass Lesions: Tumor, etc
Toxic/Metabolic Encephalopathies: Hepatic, uremia, etc
Vascular Insult: ie, ischemic Stroke
Q21: Manifestations of Increased ICP
A: Vary depending on areas involved; any person who experiences an acute change in
LOC should be assessed for Increased ICP
Changes in LOC
Changes in Vital Signs
Ocular Signs
Decrease in Motor Function
Headache
Vomiting
Q22: Change in LOC
A: Most sensitive/reliable indicator of changes in neurologic status
•Orientation to person, place time, and situation
•Initial alterations subtle - restlessness or increased anxiety
•Noxious stimuli
•Trapezius pinch (not sternal rub)
Q23: Changes in Vital Signs from Increased ICP
A: Due to increasing pressure on the pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, and medulla
Q24: Cushing Triad
A: Sign of long-term ICP increase or sudden, sharp increase; systolic hypertension with a
widening pulse pressure, bradycardia with a full and bounding pulse, irregular respiration
medical emergency; sign of brainstem compression and impending death
Q25: Drug Therapy for Increased ICP
A: Mannitol to decrease ICP (osmotic diuretic)
Hypertonic Saline: pulls fluid out of the brain and back in the Blood Vessels
Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) treat inflammation
Therapy to regulate metabolic demands (ie fever) can help control ICP
Q26: Glasgow Coma Scale
, A: quick, practical, and standard system for assessing the LOC
Ax Patient's Ability to
(1) open the eyes when a verbal or painful stimulus is applied, (2) speak
(3) obey commands
Higher Score = greater LOC (15 is fully alert)
Score of 8 or less = coma
Q27: Vomiting and Increased ICP
A: not preceded by nausea (unexpected Vomiting) - a non-specific sign of increased ICP
Projectile Vomiting: Sign of increased ICP
Q28: Brain Tumors
A: Can occur in any part of the brain or spinal cord. Primary arise from within the brain
itself, secondary are the result of metastasis (commonly from breast or liver)
Clinical Manifestations: based on location and size. Commonly include headache, dull,
throbbing, worse at night and may awaken patient.
New onset seizures
N/V from increased ICP
Muscle weakness, sensory losses, aphasia, and visual-spatial dysfunction may occur.
DX: CT with Contrast, MRI, PET scan, etc.
Q29: Neuro Assessment: Health History
A: May not be possible to get full answers from patient; witness who saw the event/family
member can also provide info
•Onset
•Character
•Severity
•Location
•Duration
•Frequency of signs and symptoms
•Associated complaints
•Precipitating, aggravating, & relieving factors
•Progression, remission, exacerbation
•Similar symptoms in family members
Q30: Common Neuro Symptoms
A: Pain
Seizures
Dizziness
Vertigo
Visual Disturbances
Muscle Weakness
Abnormal Sensation
Q31: Neuro Assessment: Past Health, Family, and Social History
UPDATED Questions with 100% Verified Answers
Q1: Cerebrum
A: Composed of the R and L brain hemispheres divided into 4 lobes.
Q2: Frontal Lobe
A: controls higher cognitive function, memory retention, voluntary eye movements,
voluntary motor movement, and motor functions involved in speech production (Broca
area).
Q3: Temporal Lobe
A: integrates somatic, visual, and auditory data. It contains Wernicke receptive speech area
Q4: Parietal Lobe
A: interprets spatial information. It contains the sensory cortex.
Q5: Occipital Lobe
A: processing of sight
Q6: Brainstem
A: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla;
•Ascending and descending fibers receive and pass on information too/from CNS
•Cranial nerves III to XII
•Reticular formation
•Vital centers concerned with respiratory, vasomotor, and heart functions
Q7: Cerebellum
A: Voluntary movement, trunk stability, and equillibrium
Q8: Thalamus
A: •Major relay center for sensory input from the body, face, retina, cochlear, and taste
receptors
•Connect cerebellum and basal ganglia to frontal cortex
Q9: Limbic System
A: Concerned with emotion, aggression, feeding behavior, and sexual response
Q10: Hypothalamus
, A: •Directly influences the release and transport of hormones from the anterior pituitary
gland
•Satiety center and appetite
•Body temperature
•Water balance
•Circadian rhythm
•Expression of emotion
Q11: Ventricles
A: •Four interconnected, fluid-filled cavities
•Lower part of fourth ventricle becomes central canal
Q12: Cerebrospinal Fluid
A: •Subarachnoid space in brain, brainstem, spinal cord
•Cushions, fluid shifts, carries nutrients
Q13: Basal Ganglia
A: found in the cerebrum and midbrain; initiation, execution, andCompletion of Voluntary
movement, learning, emotional response, andautomatic movements (swallowing saliva,
blinking, swinging arms while walking).
Q14: Primary Brain Injury
A: occurs at the initial time of an injury (e.g., impact of car accident, blunt-force trauma). It
results in displacement, bruising, or damage to any cranial component (brain tissue,
blood, CSF).
Q15: Secondary Brain Injury
A: the resulting hypoxia, ischemia, hypotension, edema, or increased ICP that follows the
primary injury. Secondary injury can occur several hours to days after the initial injury. It is
the modifiable concern when managing brain injury.
Q16: Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
A: the hydrostatic force measured in the brain CSF compartment.
Normal: 5-15
sustained of greater than 20 is abnormal
Q17: Factors that Influence ICP
A: (1) arterial pressure, (2) venous pressure, (3) intraabdominal and intrathoracic pressure, (4)
posture, (5) temperature, and (6) blood gases, especially CO2 levels.
Q18: Cerebral Perfusion Pressure
A: the pressure needed to ensure blood flow to the brain
equal to the MAP minus the ICP
,Q19: Increased ICP
A: decreases CPP and increases risk for Brain Ischemia/Infarction
Q20: Causes of Increased ICP
A: Cerebral Edema:from brain tumors, hydrocephalus, head injury, brain inflammation).
Cerebral Infections (meningitis, encephalitis)
Head Injuries/Brain Surgery
Mass Lesions: Tumor, etc
Toxic/Metabolic Encephalopathies: Hepatic, uremia, etc
Vascular Insult: ie, ischemic Stroke
Q21: Manifestations of Increased ICP
A: Vary depending on areas involved; any person who experiences an acute change in
LOC should be assessed for Increased ICP
Changes in LOC
Changes in Vital Signs
Ocular Signs
Decrease in Motor Function
Headache
Vomiting
Q22: Change in LOC
A: Most sensitive/reliable indicator of changes in neurologic status
•Orientation to person, place time, and situation
•Initial alterations subtle - restlessness or increased anxiety
•Noxious stimuli
•Trapezius pinch (not sternal rub)
Q23: Changes in Vital Signs from Increased ICP
A: Due to increasing pressure on the pons, thalamus, hypothalamus, and medulla
Q24: Cushing Triad
A: Sign of long-term ICP increase or sudden, sharp increase; systolic hypertension with a
widening pulse pressure, bradycardia with a full and bounding pulse, irregular respiration
medical emergency; sign of brainstem compression and impending death
Q25: Drug Therapy for Increased ICP
A: Mannitol to decrease ICP (osmotic diuretic)
Hypertonic Saline: pulls fluid out of the brain and back in the Blood Vessels
Corticosteroids (dexamethasone) treat inflammation
Therapy to regulate metabolic demands (ie fever) can help control ICP
Q26: Glasgow Coma Scale
, A: quick, practical, and standard system for assessing the LOC
Ax Patient's Ability to
(1) open the eyes when a verbal or painful stimulus is applied, (2) speak
(3) obey commands
Higher Score = greater LOC (15 is fully alert)
Score of 8 or less = coma
Q27: Vomiting and Increased ICP
A: not preceded by nausea (unexpected Vomiting) - a non-specific sign of increased ICP
Projectile Vomiting: Sign of increased ICP
Q28: Brain Tumors
A: Can occur in any part of the brain or spinal cord. Primary arise from within the brain
itself, secondary are the result of metastasis (commonly from breast or liver)
Clinical Manifestations: based on location and size. Commonly include headache, dull,
throbbing, worse at night and may awaken patient.
New onset seizures
N/V from increased ICP
Muscle weakness, sensory losses, aphasia, and visual-spatial dysfunction may occur.
DX: CT with Contrast, MRI, PET scan, etc.
Q29: Neuro Assessment: Health History
A: May not be possible to get full answers from patient; witness who saw the event/family
member can also provide info
•Onset
•Character
•Severity
•Location
•Duration
•Frequency of signs and symptoms
•Associated complaints
•Precipitating, aggravating, & relieving factors
•Progression, remission, exacerbation
•Similar symptoms in family members
Q30: Common Neuro Symptoms
A: Pain
Seizures
Dizziness
Vertigo
Visual Disturbances
Muscle Weakness
Abnormal Sensation
Q31: Neuro Assessment: Past Health, Family, and Social History
