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TEST BANK FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGGUIDELINES
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Section 1: Nursing Theory, History & Professional Practice
(Questions 1–25)
1. Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. Establishing the first nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London
B. Emphasizing the importance of a clean environment, fresh air, and adequate nutrition
C. Developing the first theory of transcultural nursing
D. Using statistical analysis to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality
Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known for establishing the first secular nursing
school, emphasizing environmental hygiene, and using statistics to improve sanitation.
Madeleine Leininger is the founder of transcultural nursing theory.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative day 2 following abdominal
surgery. The patient reports feeling "worried" about going home. The nurse sits
with the patient, listens to concerns, and provides reassurance. This action best
demonstrates which nursing role?
A. Caregiver
B. Advocate
C. Counselor
D. Educator
Answer: C
Rationale: The counselor role involves providing emotional support, listening to
concerns, and helping patients cope with stress and anxiety. The specific actions of
sitting, listening, and providing reassurance align most closely with the counselor role.
3. A nurse is explaining the concept of "patient-centered care" to a nursing
student. Which statement best describes this concept?
A. Care that is based on the healthcare provider's preferences and expertise
B. Care that respects the patient's values, preferences, and needs, and ensures patient
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values guide all clinical decisions
C. Care that focuses solely on the patient's medical diagnosis and treatment
D. Care that is provided only when the patient requests it
Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered care is a core competency in nursing that emphasizes
respecting and responding to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and
ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. It is a key component of the
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative.
4. According to Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, nursing care is required
when:
A. The patient is unable to perform self-care activities independently
B. The patient is in the hospital
C. The patient has a medical diagnosis
D. The patient requests nursing care
Answer: A
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes that nursing is needed when
individuals are unable to meet their own self-care needs due to limitations or deficits.
The nurse's role is to help the patient meet these needs and promote independence.
5. A nurse is using evidence-based practice (EBP) to guide patient care. Which of
the following is the correct order of the EBP process?
A. Ask a clinical question, acquire evidence, appraise evidence, apply evidence, assess
outcomes
B. Acquire evidence, ask a clinical question, appraise evidence, apply evidence, assess
outcomes
C. Ask a clinical question, appraise evidence, acquire evidence, apply evidence, assess
outcomes
D. Apply evidence, ask a clinical question, acquire evidence, appraise evidence, assess
outcomes
Answer: A
Rationale: The EBP process follows the "5 A's": Ask a clinical question (PICO format),
Acquire the best evidence, Appraise the evidence for validity and applicability, Apply the
evidence to practice, and Assess the outcomes.
6. A nurse is conducting a home visit with an older-adult couple. While in the
home the nurse weighs each individual and reviews the 3-day food diary with
them. She also checks their blood pressure and encourages them to increase their
fluids and activity levels to help with their voiced concern about constipation. The
nurse is addressing which level of need according to Maslow?
A. Physiological
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B. Safety and Security
C. Love and Belonging
D. Self-Actualization
Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is addressing physiological needs, which are the most basic level
of Maslow's hierarchy and include food, water, elimination, and health.
7. A 72-year-old patient asks the nurse about using an over-the-counter
antihistamine as a sleeping pill to help her get to sleep. What is the nurse's best
response?
A. "Antihistamines are better than prescription medications because these can cause a
lot of problems."
B. "Antihistamines should not be used because they can cause confusion and increase
your risk of falls."
C. "Antihistamines are effective sleep aids because they do not have many side effects."
D. "Over-the-counter medications when combined with sleep-hygiene measures are a
good plan for sleep."
Answer: B
Rationale: Antihistamines can cause confusion and increase the risk of falls in older
adults, making them an unsafe choice for a sleep aid.
8. A child is taking albuterol through a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI)
that contains a total of 64 puffs. The dose is 2 puffs every 6 hours. How many days
will the pMDI last?
A. 8
B. 6
C. 10
D. 12
Answer: A
Rationale: 2 puffs every 6 hours = 8 puffs per day. 64 puffs ÷ 8 puffs/day = 8 days.
9. A community center is presenting a nurse-led program on the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act. Which statement made by a participant
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "My small company will now have to offer the 75 employees health insurance or pay a
penalty"
B. "As long as my son is a full-time student in college, I will be able to keep him on my
health insurance until he is 26 years old."
C. "I signed up for the state health insurance exchange before the designated deadline
to make sure I had health insurance."
D. "Since I have now been diagnosed with diabetes, my health insurance plan cannot
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charge me higher premiums."
Answer: B
Rationale: The ACA allows children to stay on their parents' health insurance until age
26, regardless of student status. The statement about full-time student status is
incorrect.
10. A couple who is caring for their aging parents are concerned about factors that
put them at risk for falls. Which factors are most likely to contribute to an increase
in falls in the elderly? (Select all that apply.)
A. Inadequate lighting
B. Throw rugs
C. Multiple medications
D. Doorway thresholds
E. Cords covered by carpets
F. Staircases with handrails
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Inadequate lighting, throw rugs, multiple medications, doorway thresholds,
and cords covered by carpets all increase fall risk. Staircases with handrails are a safety
feature, not a risk factor.
11. A critical care nurse is using a computerized decision support system to
correctly position her ventilated patients to reduce pneumonia caused by
accumulated respiratory secretions. This is an example of which Quality and Safety
in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?
A. Patient-centered care
B. Safety
C. Teamwork and Collaboration
D. Informatics
Answer: D
Rationale: Using computerized decision support systems is an example of the
informatics competency, which involves using information and technology to
communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.
12. A group of staff nurses notice an increased incidence of medication errors on
their unit. After further investigation it is determined that the nurses are not
consistently identifying the patient correctly. A change is needed quickly. What
type of quality improvement method would be most appropriate?
A. PDSA
B. Six Sigma
C. Rapid-improvement event (RIE)
D. A randomized controlled trial
TEST BANK FOR FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSINGGUIDELINES
QUESTIONS AND DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
Section 1: Nursing Theory, History & Professional Practice
(Questions 1–25)
1. Florence Nightingale's contributions to nursing included all of the following
EXCEPT:
A. Establishing the first nursing school at St. Thomas' Hospital in London
B. Emphasizing the importance of a clean environment, fresh air, and adequate nutrition
C. Developing the first theory of transcultural nursing
D. Using statistical analysis to demonstrate the impact of sanitation on mortality
Answer: C
Rationale: Florence Nightingale is known for establishing the first secular nursing
school, emphasizing environmental hygiene, and using statistics to improve sanitation.
Madeleine Leininger is the founder of transcultural nursing theory.
2. The nurse is caring for a patient who is postoperative day 2 following abdominal
surgery. The patient reports feeling "worried" about going home. The nurse sits
with the patient, listens to concerns, and provides reassurance. This action best
demonstrates which nursing role?
A. Caregiver
B. Advocate
C. Counselor
D. Educator
Answer: C
Rationale: The counselor role involves providing emotional support, listening to
concerns, and helping patients cope with stress and anxiety. The specific actions of
sitting, listening, and providing reassurance align most closely with the counselor role.
3. A nurse is explaining the concept of "patient-centered care" to a nursing
student. Which statement best describes this concept?
A. Care that is based on the healthcare provider's preferences and expertise
B. Care that respects the patient's values, preferences, and needs, and ensures patient
,Page 2 of 59
values guide all clinical decisions
C. Care that focuses solely on the patient's medical diagnosis and treatment
D. Care that is provided only when the patient requests it
Answer: B
Rationale: Patient-centered care is a core competency in nursing that emphasizes
respecting and responding to individual patient preferences, needs, and values, and
ensuring that patient values guide all clinical decisions. It is a key component of the
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative.
4. According to Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory, nursing care is required
when:
A. The patient is unable to perform self-care activities independently
B. The patient is in the hospital
C. The patient has a medical diagnosis
D. The patient requests nursing care
Answer: A
Rationale: Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory proposes that nursing is needed when
individuals are unable to meet their own self-care needs due to limitations or deficits.
The nurse's role is to help the patient meet these needs and promote independence.
5. A nurse is using evidence-based practice (EBP) to guide patient care. Which of
the following is the correct order of the EBP process?
A. Ask a clinical question, acquire evidence, appraise evidence, apply evidence, assess
outcomes
B. Acquire evidence, ask a clinical question, appraise evidence, apply evidence, assess
outcomes
C. Ask a clinical question, appraise evidence, acquire evidence, apply evidence, assess
outcomes
D. Apply evidence, ask a clinical question, acquire evidence, appraise evidence, assess
outcomes
Answer: A
Rationale: The EBP process follows the "5 A's": Ask a clinical question (PICO format),
Acquire the best evidence, Appraise the evidence for validity and applicability, Apply the
evidence to practice, and Assess the outcomes.
6. A nurse is conducting a home visit with an older-adult couple. While in the
home the nurse weighs each individual and reviews the 3-day food diary with
them. She also checks their blood pressure and encourages them to increase their
fluids and activity levels to help with their voiced concern about constipation. The
nurse is addressing which level of need according to Maslow?
A. Physiological
,Page 3 of 59
B. Safety and Security
C. Love and Belonging
D. Self-Actualization
Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse is addressing physiological needs, which are the most basic level
of Maslow's hierarchy and include food, water, elimination, and health.
7. A 72-year-old patient asks the nurse about using an over-the-counter
antihistamine as a sleeping pill to help her get to sleep. What is the nurse's best
response?
A. "Antihistamines are better than prescription medications because these can cause a
lot of problems."
B. "Antihistamines should not be used because they can cause confusion and increase
your risk of falls."
C. "Antihistamines are effective sleep aids because they do not have many side effects."
D. "Over-the-counter medications when combined with sleep-hygiene measures are a
good plan for sleep."
Answer: B
Rationale: Antihistamines can cause confusion and increase the risk of falls in older
adults, making them an unsafe choice for a sleep aid.
8. A child is taking albuterol through a pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI)
that contains a total of 64 puffs. The dose is 2 puffs every 6 hours. How many days
will the pMDI last?
A. 8
B. 6
C. 10
D. 12
Answer: A
Rationale: 2 puffs every 6 hours = 8 puffs per day. 64 puffs ÷ 8 puffs/day = 8 days.
9. A community center is presenting a nurse-led program on the Patient
Protection and Affordable Care Act. Which statement made by a participant
indicates a need for further teaching?
A. "My small company will now have to offer the 75 employees health insurance or pay a
penalty"
B. "As long as my son is a full-time student in college, I will be able to keep him on my
health insurance until he is 26 years old."
C. "I signed up for the state health insurance exchange before the designated deadline
to make sure I had health insurance."
D. "Since I have now been diagnosed with diabetes, my health insurance plan cannot
, Page 4 of 59
charge me higher premiums."
Answer: B
Rationale: The ACA allows children to stay on their parents' health insurance until age
26, regardless of student status. The statement about full-time student status is
incorrect.
10. A couple who is caring for their aging parents are concerned about factors that
put them at risk for falls. Which factors are most likely to contribute to an increase
in falls in the elderly? (Select all that apply.)
A. Inadequate lighting
B. Throw rugs
C. Multiple medications
D. Doorway thresholds
E. Cords covered by carpets
F. Staircases with handrails
Answer: A, B, C, D, E
Rationale: Inadequate lighting, throw rugs, multiple medications, doorway thresholds,
and cords covered by carpets all increase fall risk. Staircases with handrails are a safety
feature, not a risk factor.
11. A critical care nurse is using a computerized decision support system to
correctly position her ventilated patients to reduce pneumonia caused by
accumulated respiratory secretions. This is an example of which Quality and Safety
in the Education of Nurses (QSEN) competency?
A. Patient-centered care
B. Safety
C. Teamwork and Collaboration
D. Informatics
Answer: D
Rationale: Using computerized decision support systems is an example of the
informatics competency, which involves using information and technology to
communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.
12. A group of staff nurses notice an increased incidence of medication errors on
their unit. After further investigation it is determined that the nurses are not
consistently identifying the patient correctly. A change is needed quickly. What
type of quality improvement method would be most appropriate?
A. PDSA
B. Six Sigma
C. Rapid-improvement event (RIE)
D. A randomized controlled trial
