Page 1 of 90
UT TYLER FNP — NURS 5350 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY /
NUR 6203 EXAM 1 - 2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
UT TYLER FNP — NURS 5350 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY / NUR 6203 EXAM 1
Questions with Detailed Rationales
10-Point Exam Coverage Summary
Cellular Structure & Function – Organelles, membrane transport, receptors, cellular metabolism
Cellular Adaptation & Injury – Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia,
reversible vs. irreversible injury
Cell Death – Necrosis (coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid), apoptosis, autophagy
Acute & Chronic Inflammation – Vascular response, cellular response, mediators, granuloma
formation
Wound Healing & Tissue Repair – Primary, secondary, tertiary intention, healing phases,
complications
Genetics & Genomics – Inheritance patterns, mutations, chromosomal disorders, epigenetics,
pharmacogenomics
Innate & Adaptive Immunity – Physical barriers, phagocytes, complement, B cells, T cells,
antibodies
Hypersensitivity & Autoimmunity – Type I–IV reactions, autoimmune mechanisms, transplant
rejection
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance – Compartments, osmosis, tonicity, sodium/potassium/calcium
imbalances
Acid-Base Balance – Buffers, respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, compensation, ABG
interpretation
,Page 2 of 90
SECTION 1: CELLULAR STRUCTURE & FUNCTION (25 QUESTIONS)
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the seven specialized cellular functions?
A) Movement
B) Conductivity
C) Photosynthesis
D) Metabolic absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The seven specialized cellular functions are movement, conductivity, metabolic
absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction. Photosynthesis is a function of
plant cells, not human cells .
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production and is often called the "powerhouse" of
the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi complex
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of ATP production through metabolism of carbohydrates,
lipids, and amino acids. They can grow and self-replicate within the cell .
3. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for removing cellular waste?
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
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Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that digest and remove wastes and debris from
dead cells. If ruptured, they can digest cell contents (autodigestion) .
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?
A) It is impermeable to all substances
B) It is made up of a bilayer of lipid molecules with embedded proteins
C) It lacks any transport mechanisms
D) It is composed entirely of carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins, with a bilayer of lipid
molecules responsible for structural integrity .
5. Which type of cellular receptor is associated with the plasma membrane and responds to
ligands?
A) Channel-linked receptors
B) Non-channel-linked receptors
C) Intracellular receptors
D) Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The three types of cellular receptors are plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked
receptors, and non-channel-linked receptors .
6. Which form of transport requires energy to move molecules against a concentration
gradient?
A) Diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis
Correct Answer: C
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Rationale: Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration
gradient. Passive transport (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis) does not require energy .
7. What is the primary function of the nucleus?
A) ATP production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Control of genetic information and cell division
D) Waste removal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus aids in cell division and control of genetic information, containing DNA .
8. Which organelle specializes in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids?
A) Golgi complex
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein
and lipid components of most cellular organelles .
9. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
A) ATP production
B) Maintaining cell shape and aiding in movement
C) Protein synthesis
D) Waste digestion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps maintain
shape, and aids in movement .
10. What is the fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus; eukaryotes do not
B) Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles; eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles
UT TYLER FNP — NURS 5350 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY /
NUR 6203 EXAM 1 - 2026 QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED
QUESTIONS DETAILED RATIONALES GRADED A+
UT TYLER FNP — NURS 5350 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY / NUR 6203 EXAM 1
Questions with Detailed Rationales
10-Point Exam Coverage Summary
Cellular Structure & Function – Organelles, membrane transport, receptors, cellular metabolism
Cellular Adaptation & Injury – Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, atrophy, metaplasia, dysplasia,
reversible vs. irreversible injury
Cell Death – Necrosis (coagulative, liquefactive, caseous, fat, fibrinoid), apoptosis, autophagy
Acute & Chronic Inflammation – Vascular response, cellular response, mediators, granuloma
formation
Wound Healing & Tissue Repair – Primary, secondary, tertiary intention, healing phases,
complications
Genetics & Genomics – Inheritance patterns, mutations, chromosomal disorders, epigenetics,
pharmacogenomics
Innate & Adaptive Immunity – Physical barriers, phagocytes, complement, B cells, T cells,
antibodies
Hypersensitivity & Autoimmunity – Type I–IV reactions, autoimmune mechanisms, transplant
rejection
Fluid & Electrolyte Balance – Compartments, osmosis, tonicity, sodium/potassium/calcium
imbalances
Acid-Base Balance – Buffers, respiratory/metabolic acidosis/alkalosis, compensation, ABG
interpretation
,Page 2 of 90
SECTION 1: CELLULAR STRUCTURE & FUNCTION (25 QUESTIONS)
1. Which of the following is NOT one of the seven specialized cellular functions?
A) Movement
B) Conductivity
C) Photosynthesis
D) Metabolic absorption
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The seven specialized cellular functions are movement, conductivity, metabolic
absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction. Photosynthesis is a function of
plant cells, not human cells .
2. Which organelle is responsible for ATP production and is often called the "powerhouse" of
the cell?
A) Ribosome
B) Mitochondria
C) Golgi complex
D) Lysosome
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Mitochondria are the site of ATP production through metabolism of carbohydrates,
lipids, and amino acids. They can grow and self-replicate within the cell .
3. Which organelle contains digestive enzymes and is responsible for removing cellular waste?
A) Mitochondria
B) Ribosome
C) Lysosome
D) Endoplasmic reticulum
,Page 3 of 90
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that digest and remove wastes and debris from
dead cells. If ruptured, they can digest cell contents (autodigestion) .
4. Which of the following is a characteristic of the plasma membrane?
A) It is impermeable to all substances
B) It is made up of a bilayer of lipid molecules with embedded proteins
C) It lacks any transport mechanisms
D) It is composed entirely of carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins, with a bilayer of lipid
molecules responsible for structural integrity .
5. Which type of cellular receptor is associated with the plasma membrane and responds to
ligands?
A) Channel-linked receptors
B) Non-channel-linked receptors
C) Intracellular receptors
D) Both A and B
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The three types of cellular receptors are plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked
receptors, and non-channel-linked receptors .
6. Which form of transport requires energy to move molecules against a concentration
gradient?
A) Diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Active transport
D) Osmosis
Correct Answer: C
, Page 4 of 90
Rationale: Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration
gradient. Passive transport (diffusion, facilitated diffusion, osmosis) does not require energy .
7. What is the primary function of the nucleus?
A) ATP production
B) Protein synthesis
C) Control of genetic information and cell division
D) Waste removal
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nucleus aids in cell division and control of genetic information, containing DNA .
8. Which organelle specializes in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids?
A) Golgi complex
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Lysosome
D) Mitochondria
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specializes in the synthesis and transport of protein
and lipid components of most cellular organelles .
9. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton?
A) ATP production
B) Maintaining cell shape and aiding in movement
C) Protein synthesis
D) Waste digestion
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps maintain
shape, and aids in movement .
10. What is the fundamental difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
A) Prokaryotes have a nucleus; eukaryotes do not
B) Prokaryotes lack a nucleus and organelles; eukaryotes have a nucleus and organelles
