EL.a-x - Elements of life | EL1-9
EL.Q Exam questions from past papers
Explain why each element has a As each element has electrons in discrete
characteristic emission spectrum (4)? energy levels (1) to which electrons drop
levels (1) with different elements having
different sized gaps (1) due to the energy
released being proportional to frequency
E=hv (1) and so the energy drops between
levels give lines
Why do isotopes have the same chemical This is because they have the same number
properties (1) ? of electrons in their outer shells (1)
What does an emission/line spectrum show? It shows the frequency of light given out
(3) when an electron moves down
energy levels in the form of coloured
bands on a black background with
the lines getting closer together
(converging) with increasing
frequency (3)
What does an absorption spectrum show? It shows the frequency of light absorbed
(3) by electrons in the form of dark
bands on a colour spectrum with the
lines getting closer together
(converging) with increasing
frequency (3)
Geiger and Marsden found that the majority Alpha particles are positive and so they
of alpha particles were hardly deflected. A are deflected by the positive nucleus (1)
very few were deflected a great deal 'like the ones that hit the nucleus bounce
firing an artillery shell at a cigarette paper back (1) but not many of them do this as
and having it 'bounce back'. the nucleus is small (1)
How does their model of the atom explain
that some, but only a few, alpha particles
'bounce back'? (3)
A student says that the cloudiness is caused Calcium hydroxide is partially soluble (1)
by insoluble calcium hydroxide being so dissolves at first then appears (1)
formed slowly. Comment on this statement
(2)
, In 1911, Geiger and Marsden fired α-particles Most of the atom is empty space so
at gold foil and found that most passed particles can pass undeflected (1) There
through unchanged, while just a few were are positive protons in the nucleus (1)
deflected by large amounts. This was that deflect alpha particles a lot (1)
evidence for the nuclear model of the atom.
Explain the results of the Geiger and
Marsden experiments using a nuclear model
of the atom. (3)
What is the avogadro’s constant the number ● The number of sodium or chloride
of for a ionic (NaCl),covalent (CO2 ) and ions in one mole of NaCl (6.02x1023
metallic (Cu) structure? ions)
● The number of CO2 molecules in one
And therefore the answer to this question mole of CO2 (6.02x1023 molecules)
● The number of copper atoms in one
mole of Cu (6.02x1023 atoms)
● C
C
● A is 0.01x0.5 = 3x1021 x 2 = 9x1021
● B is 0.3x0.04 = 7.2x1021 x 2 = 14x1021
Which solution contains the greatest number ● C is 0.02x0.5 = 6x1021 x 3 = 18x1021
of ions? ● D is 0.04x0.15= 3.6x1021 x 3 = 10x1021
● Therefore its C
EL.a-d - Formulae, equations and amount of substance | EL1 | EL6 | EL7 | EL9 |
What is another name for fizzing? Effervescence
Define empirical formula? The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in an
element/compound
Define molecular formula? The actual number of atoms of each element in an
element/compound
Define isotope? Atoms with the same number of protons but a
different number of neutrons
, Define relative atomic mass? The average of the masses of all isotopes taking
into account their abundance relative to 1/12 of the
mass of carbon-12
Define relative isotopic mass? The mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12 of
the mass of carbon-12
Define Relative molecular/Formula mass? The mean mass of a molecule relative to 1/12 of the
mass of carbon-12
Why do isotopes have the same chemical They have the same number of electrons in their
properties? outer shells
What is the relative mass of an electron? 1/1840
How do isotopes of the same element vary? In physical properties (e.g., density)
Define both cation and anion? ● Cation - positively charged ion
● Anion - negatively charged ion
Remember as cats make you positive
What is the equation to convert g/dm3 to g/dm3 / RFM = mol/dm3
mol/dm3
How would you convert from mol/dm3 to mol/dm3 x RFM = g/dm3
g/dm3
What is a hydrated/hydrous salt? A salt molecule loosely attached to water (
called waters of crystallisation)
Thus anhydrous means the opposite
What is the equation using Avogadro's Number of particles (N) = Avogradro’s number
number? (NA) x number of moles (n)
EL.Q Exam questions from past papers
Explain why each element has a As each element has electrons in discrete
characteristic emission spectrum (4)? energy levels (1) to which electrons drop
levels (1) with different elements having
different sized gaps (1) due to the energy
released being proportional to frequency
E=hv (1) and so the energy drops between
levels give lines
Why do isotopes have the same chemical This is because they have the same number
properties (1) ? of electrons in their outer shells (1)
What does an emission/line spectrum show? It shows the frequency of light given out
(3) when an electron moves down
energy levels in the form of coloured
bands on a black background with
the lines getting closer together
(converging) with increasing
frequency (3)
What does an absorption spectrum show? It shows the frequency of light absorbed
(3) by electrons in the form of dark
bands on a colour spectrum with the
lines getting closer together
(converging) with increasing
frequency (3)
Geiger and Marsden found that the majority Alpha particles are positive and so they
of alpha particles were hardly deflected. A are deflected by the positive nucleus (1)
very few were deflected a great deal 'like the ones that hit the nucleus bounce
firing an artillery shell at a cigarette paper back (1) but not many of them do this as
and having it 'bounce back'. the nucleus is small (1)
How does their model of the atom explain
that some, but only a few, alpha particles
'bounce back'? (3)
A student says that the cloudiness is caused Calcium hydroxide is partially soluble (1)
by insoluble calcium hydroxide being so dissolves at first then appears (1)
formed slowly. Comment on this statement
(2)
, In 1911, Geiger and Marsden fired α-particles Most of the atom is empty space so
at gold foil and found that most passed particles can pass undeflected (1) There
through unchanged, while just a few were are positive protons in the nucleus (1)
deflected by large amounts. This was that deflect alpha particles a lot (1)
evidence for the nuclear model of the atom.
Explain the results of the Geiger and
Marsden experiments using a nuclear model
of the atom. (3)
What is the avogadro’s constant the number ● The number of sodium or chloride
of for a ionic (NaCl),covalent (CO2 ) and ions in one mole of NaCl (6.02x1023
metallic (Cu) structure? ions)
● The number of CO2 molecules in one
And therefore the answer to this question mole of CO2 (6.02x1023 molecules)
● The number of copper atoms in one
mole of Cu (6.02x1023 atoms)
● C
C
● A is 0.01x0.5 = 3x1021 x 2 = 9x1021
● B is 0.3x0.04 = 7.2x1021 x 2 = 14x1021
Which solution contains the greatest number ● C is 0.02x0.5 = 6x1021 x 3 = 18x1021
of ions? ● D is 0.04x0.15= 3.6x1021 x 3 = 10x1021
● Therefore its C
EL.a-d - Formulae, equations and amount of substance | EL1 | EL6 | EL7 | EL9 |
What is another name for fizzing? Effervescence
Define empirical formula? The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in an
element/compound
Define molecular formula? The actual number of atoms of each element in an
element/compound
Define isotope? Atoms with the same number of protons but a
different number of neutrons
, Define relative atomic mass? The average of the masses of all isotopes taking
into account their abundance relative to 1/12 of the
mass of carbon-12
Define relative isotopic mass? The mass of an atom of an isotope relative to 1/12 of
the mass of carbon-12
Define Relative molecular/Formula mass? The mean mass of a molecule relative to 1/12 of the
mass of carbon-12
Why do isotopes have the same chemical They have the same number of electrons in their
properties? outer shells
What is the relative mass of an electron? 1/1840
How do isotopes of the same element vary? In physical properties (e.g., density)
Define both cation and anion? ● Cation - positively charged ion
● Anion - negatively charged ion
Remember as cats make you positive
What is the equation to convert g/dm3 to g/dm3 / RFM = mol/dm3
mol/dm3
How would you convert from mol/dm3 to mol/dm3 x RFM = g/dm3
g/dm3
What is a hydrated/hydrous salt? A salt molecule loosely attached to water (
called waters of crystallisation)
Thus anhydrous means the opposite
What is the equation using Avogadro's Number of particles (N) = Avogradro’s number
number? (NA) x number of moles (n)
