AC1.1
Keywords
Crime = an act or behaviour that is against the law and punishable by the
government
Deviance = acts that are not punishable by the government but not abided by social
norms
White collar crime
financially motivated and does not cause any harm to the victim
Example → tax evasion, fraud, money laundering, polluting the environment
Victims → employees, general public, consumers and investors
Offenders → work in commercial, respected and high status, rich
Public awareness → low, domestic abuse commoner, difficult to prosecute
offender
Crime or deviant → both, abusing trust and stealing money and against law
(fraud act 2006)
AC1.2 - reasons for unreported types of crime
Personal
Shame → vulnerable = elderly, foolish, suffer in silence
Social
Lack of media interest → not posted on social media, public wont care, murder
more likely,less important crimes
Moral crime
Violates moral standards and social norms, victimless = both parties consent
Offences → assisted suicide, drugs, prostitution
Victims/offenders → same person, suffer same consequences, guilt
Public awareness → low, hidden from offenders families, crimes ignored due to
trust
Crime/deviant → both, vagrancy act, assisted suicide immoral
AC1.2
Personal
Disinterest → not serious enough to be reported, reporting crime = no use / no
resolution
Social
Lack of public concern → crime normalised, not see it as a crime but deviant
State crime
Committed by government, in breach of european convention of human rights
Offences → war crimes, genocide, imprisonment without trial
Victims → citizens, people of different religious views
,Offenders → high ranked officials under the government
Level of public awareness → aware as media can show it, can be low too (Nazi
newspapers)
Crime or deviant → illegal under European Convention on Human Rights, rights
aren’t equal
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, fear of torment if address situation
Social
Complexity → discouraged, general public find it difficult to understand
Cyber crime
Offence committed using technology
Offences → downloading illegal materials, hacking, cyberbullying
Victims → large companies, people using internet
Offenders → young people, using the internet
Public awareness → increasing over years, technology newly introduced
Crime or deviant → both, harassment act 1977, mentally emotionally abused
AC1.2
Personal
Not affected → doesn’t bother, no report, lead to bystander effect - kitty genovese
Social
Lack of public concern → crime normalised, reduces urge to report
Hate crime
Any crime motivated by hate based on race, disability and sex
Offences → has to have specific intention, hate crime
Victim → anyone who has specific characteristics
Offender → anyone who hates on a group they are not a part of
Public awareness → increased, social media awareness and posts
Crime or deviant → both, social norms violated, anti terrorism crime and security
act 2001
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, fear of torment if address situation
Social
Lack of public concern → crime normalised, reduces urge to report
Honour
Carried out to defend reputation of their family and culture
Offences → forced marriage, FGM
,Victims → mostly women, member of offenders family
Offenders → victims family member
Public awareness → low committed within complex settings
Crime or deviant → both as crime and policing act 2014, goes against human rights
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, fear of torment if address situation
Social
Culture bound → some believe acts are not crimes, respect, not frowned upon
Violence
Abuse happens between family members in a private setting
Offences → victim experiences physical abuse
Victims → women, girls most cases, children, men
Offenders → males
Public awareness → low, victims scared, manipulated to do it out of love
Crime or deviant → both, victim is mentally abused, domestic abuse act 2021
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, further tormented by offender
Social
Lack of public concern → crimes normalised and not report
AC1.1
Write about 2 types of crime
Plan
● Definition of crime
● Offences
● Type of victims
● Type of offenders
● Public awareness
● Crime or deviant?
Keywords
, Criminology - the scientific study of crime as well as its causes, responses by law
enforcement and actions to prevent it
Crime - an act or behaviour that is against the law and punishable by the
government
Deviance - acts that are not punishable by the government but are not abided by
social norms
● Formal deviance - punishable by law (murder)
● Informal deviance - leads to misanthropy and stigma
White collar crime
Definition
A crime that is financially motivated and does not cause any harm to the victim -
usually committed for financial benefit. E.g tax evasion, fraud, money laundering,
polluting the environment
Features
● Manipulation (heavily involved)
● Non-violent
● Abuse of trust
Offences
Occupational crime - crimes committed at their workplace looking for financial
benefit and gain for themselves rather than the company as a whole (nick leeson =
unauthorised trading)
Corporate crime - crimes committed by companies looking to increase to benefit the
company as a whole (a ceo)
Professional crime - people committing crimes in high status professional positions
involving an abuse of trust and manipulation to benefit themselves
Victims
● Employees
● General public All these victims are prone to being victims of white
collar crime
● Investors as they might be looking for some extra cash to uphold
with bills and
● Consumers have extra chances to go on holiday or treat
themselves.
All these victims are prone to being victims of white collar crime
Offenders
● Work in commercial
● Respected and high status
● Rich
Keywords
Crime = an act or behaviour that is against the law and punishable by the
government
Deviance = acts that are not punishable by the government but not abided by social
norms
White collar crime
financially motivated and does not cause any harm to the victim
Example → tax evasion, fraud, money laundering, polluting the environment
Victims → employees, general public, consumers and investors
Offenders → work in commercial, respected and high status, rich
Public awareness → low, domestic abuse commoner, difficult to prosecute
offender
Crime or deviant → both, abusing trust and stealing money and against law
(fraud act 2006)
AC1.2 - reasons for unreported types of crime
Personal
Shame → vulnerable = elderly, foolish, suffer in silence
Social
Lack of media interest → not posted on social media, public wont care, murder
more likely,less important crimes
Moral crime
Violates moral standards and social norms, victimless = both parties consent
Offences → assisted suicide, drugs, prostitution
Victims/offenders → same person, suffer same consequences, guilt
Public awareness → low, hidden from offenders families, crimes ignored due to
trust
Crime/deviant → both, vagrancy act, assisted suicide immoral
AC1.2
Personal
Disinterest → not serious enough to be reported, reporting crime = no use / no
resolution
Social
Lack of public concern → crime normalised, not see it as a crime but deviant
State crime
Committed by government, in breach of european convention of human rights
Offences → war crimes, genocide, imprisonment without trial
Victims → citizens, people of different religious views
,Offenders → high ranked officials under the government
Level of public awareness → aware as media can show it, can be low too (Nazi
newspapers)
Crime or deviant → illegal under European Convention on Human Rights, rights
aren’t equal
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, fear of torment if address situation
Social
Complexity → discouraged, general public find it difficult to understand
Cyber crime
Offence committed using technology
Offences → downloading illegal materials, hacking, cyberbullying
Victims → large companies, people using internet
Offenders → young people, using the internet
Public awareness → increasing over years, technology newly introduced
Crime or deviant → both, harassment act 1977, mentally emotionally abused
AC1.2
Personal
Not affected → doesn’t bother, no report, lead to bystander effect - kitty genovese
Social
Lack of public concern → crime normalised, reduces urge to report
Hate crime
Any crime motivated by hate based on race, disability and sex
Offences → has to have specific intention, hate crime
Victim → anyone who has specific characteristics
Offender → anyone who hates on a group they are not a part of
Public awareness → increased, social media awareness and posts
Crime or deviant → both, social norms violated, anti terrorism crime and security
act 2001
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, fear of torment if address situation
Social
Lack of public concern → crime normalised, reduces urge to report
Honour
Carried out to defend reputation of their family and culture
Offences → forced marriage, FGM
,Victims → mostly women, member of offenders family
Offenders → victims family member
Public awareness → low committed within complex settings
Crime or deviant → both as crime and policing act 2014, goes against human rights
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, fear of torment if address situation
Social
Culture bound → some believe acts are not crimes, respect, not frowned upon
Violence
Abuse happens between family members in a private setting
Offences → victim experiences physical abuse
Victims → women, girls most cases, children, men
Offenders → males
Public awareness → low, victims scared, manipulated to do it out of love
Crime or deviant → both, victim is mentally abused, domestic abuse act 2021
AC1.2
Personal
Fear → afraid of consequences, further tormented by offender
Social
Lack of public concern → crimes normalised and not report
AC1.1
Write about 2 types of crime
Plan
● Definition of crime
● Offences
● Type of victims
● Type of offenders
● Public awareness
● Crime or deviant?
Keywords
, Criminology - the scientific study of crime as well as its causes, responses by law
enforcement and actions to prevent it
Crime - an act or behaviour that is against the law and punishable by the
government
Deviance - acts that are not punishable by the government but are not abided by
social norms
● Formal deviance - punishable by law (murder)
● Informal deviance - leads to misanthropy and stigma
White collar crime
Definition
A crime that is financially motivated and does not cause any harm to the victim -
usually committed for financial benefit. E.g tax evasion, fraud, money laundering,
polluting the environment
Features
● Manipulation (heavily involved)
● Non-violent
● Abuse of trust
Offences
Occupational crime - crimes committed at their workplace looking for financial
benefit and gain for themselves rather than the company as a whole (nick leeson =
unauthorised trading)
Corporate crime - crimes committed by companies looking to increase to benefit the
company as a whole (a ceo)
Professional crime - people committing crimes in high status professional positions
involving an abuse of trust and manipulation to benefit themselves
Victims
● Employees
● General public All these victims are prone to being victims of white
collar crime
● Investors as they might be looking for some extra cash to uphold
with bills and
● Consumers have extra chances to go on holiday or treat
themselves.
All these victims are prone to being victims of white collar crime
Offenders
● Work in commercial
● Respected and high status
● Rich
