NUSC 1165 FINAL EXAM QUESTION SET WITH
RATIONALES AND CORE NURSING CONCEPTS
REVIEW 2026
◉ Adequate Intake (AI).
Answer: Established due to insufficient scientific date to establish an
EAR and calculate an RDA
◉ Estimated Average Requirements (EARS).
Answer: Amount needed to meet 50% of people in the same gender
and life-stage group
◉ Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).
Answer: Intakes that meet the needs of nearly all (97-98%) of
individuals in each gender and life-stage group
◉ Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs).
Answer: Maximum daily intake that is unlikely to pose a risk of
adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a specific life-stage
and gender group
◉ Differences between the energy recommendations AMDR and
EER.
,Answer: Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs): average energy
intakes predicted to maintain body weight by calculating the amount
of kilocalories
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs): Intakes of
macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) are expressed in %.
Expressed as a % of total energy intake
◉ Dietary Guidelines.
Answer: Nutrition/ lifestyle recommendations published by the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. Only recommendation
with major emphasis on FOOD SAFETY
◉ MyPlate vs. My Pyramid Differences.
Answer: Plate Shape vs. Pyramid
Protein Group vs. Meat & Beans
Section on Fats and Oils- present on the Pyramid, but not the Plate
Physical Activity Emphasis- Present on the Pyramid, but not the
Plate
◉ Exchange Lists.
Answer: Based on food groups to determine overall energy and
macronutrient intake
,◉ Healthy People Initiative.
Answer: National health promotion and disease prevention
objectives for the U.S.
◉ Food Labels.
Answer: Food and Drug Administration (FDA): regulates all foods
except meat and poultry
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): meats and poultry
only
◉ Structure/Function Label Claim.
Answer: "Calcium builds strong bones"
◉ Nutrient Content Claim.
Answer: "low" "high" "free" "reduced" "lean""antioxidant"
◉ Health Claims.
Answer: Relationship between a food, food component, and a
dietary supplement ingredient
◉ Anthropometric Measurement.
Answer: Weight, height, or skin fold evaluation
, ◉ Organization of Life.
Answer: Atoms, Molecule, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ System
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Mouth.
Answer: Chews food and mixes it with saliva
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Salivary Glands.
Answer: Produce saliva, which contains starch-digesting enzyme
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Pharynx.
Answer: Swallows chewed food mixed with saliva
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Esophagus.
Answer: Moves food to the stomach
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Stomach.
Answer: Churns and mixes food; secretes acid and a protein-
digesting enzyme
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Liver.
Answer: Makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
RATIONALES AND CORE NURSING CONCEPTS
REVIEW 2026
◉ Adequate Intake (AI).
Answer: Established due to insufficient scientific date to establish an
EAR and calculate an RDA
◉ Estimated Average Requirements (EARS).
Answer: Amount needed to meet 50% of people in the same gender
and life-stage group
◉ Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA).
Answer: Intakes that meet the needs of nearly all (97-98%) of
individuals in each gender and life-stage group
◉ Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (ULs).
Answer: Maximum daily intake that is unlikely to pose a risk of
adverse health effects to almost all individuals in a specific life-stage
and gender group
◉ Differences between the energy recommendations AMDR and
EER.
,Answer: Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs): average energy
intakes predicted to maintain body weight by calculating the amount
of kilocalories
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs): Intakes of
macronutrients (carbohydrate, protein, and fat) are expressed in %.
Expressed as a % of total energy intake
◉ Dietary Guidelines.
Answer: Nutrition/ lifestyle recommendations published by the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. Only recommendation
with major emphasis on FOOD SAFETY
◉ MyPlate vs. My Pyramid Differences.
Answer: Plate Shape vs. Pyramid
Protein Group vs. Meat & Beans
Section on Fats and Oils- present on the Pyramid, but not the Plate
Physical Activity Emphasis- Present on the Pyramid, but not the
Plate
◉ Exchange Lists.
Answer: Based on food groups to determine overall energy and
macronutrient intake
,◉ Healthy People Initiative.
Answer: National health promotion and disease prevention
objectives for the U.S.
◉ Food Labels.
Answer: Food and Drug Administration (FDA): regulates all foods
except meat and poultry
United States Department of Agriculture (USDA): meats and poultry
only
◉ Structure/Function Label Claim.
Answer: "Calcium builds strong bones"
◉ Nutrient Content Claim.
Answer: "low" "high" "free" "reduced" "lean""antioxidant"
◉ Health Claims.
Answer: Relationship between a food, food component, and a
dietary supplement ingredient
◉ Anthropometric Measurement.
Answer: Weight, height, or skin fold evaluation
, ◉ Organization of Life.
Answer: Atoms, Molecule, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ System
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Mouth.
Answer: Chews food and mixes it with saliva
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Salivary Glands.
Answer: Produce saliva, which contains starch-digesting enzyme
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Pharynx.
Answer: Swallows chewed food mixed with saliva
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Esophagus.
Answer: Moves food to the stomach
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Stomach.
Answer: Churns and mixes food; secretes acid and a protein-
digesting enzyme
◉ Organs of the Digestive System: Liver.
Answer: Makes bile, which aids in digestion and absorption of fat
