NUSC 1165 EXAM 3 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE
AND NURSING FUNDAMENTALS REVIEW 2026
◉ Explain how energy balance is related to body weight?
Answer: - Measures of amounts of energy supplied to or expended
by body
- Calories in = calories out, body weight remains constant
- Body weight increases with positive energy balance, body weight
decreased with negative energy balance
◉ Describe what it means to be in energy balance, negative energy
balance, and positive energy balance
Answer: - Positive energy balance - energy consumption greater
than energy expenditure
- Negative energy balance - energy consumption less than energy
expenditure
- Energy balance - energy consumption matches energy expenditure
◉ What happens to excess calories when we eat more energy than
we expend?
Answer: - Excess carbs stored as glycogen and/or
converted to fat
- Excess protein, fat - converted/stored as
,fat
** Stored as fat **
◉ How can dietary carbohydrate and protein be stored as fat? Is this
preferred to storing dietary fat?
Answer: - Carbohydrates are converted to pyruvate and amino acids
remove an NH2 molecule
- Then through acetyl-coA are converted to fatty acids
- No because dietary fat can skip several steps for storage
◉ When we are in a calorie deficit, how do we meet our energy
needs and maintain blood glucose?
Answer: - When in a calorie deficiency we use fat stores to meet
energy needs
◉ What are the components that make up total energy expenditure?
Answer: BMR, PA, and TEF
◉ What is the thermic effect of food?
Answer: - Energy needed to digest, absorb, and process nutrients
from foods
- 10% of energy intake - varies with nutrients
, ◉ What contributes the most to TEE in a sedentary person?
Answer: - Thermic effect of food contributes the most to a sedentary
person
◉ What component is most variable between individuals?
Answer: - PA (physical activity)
◉ Name 3 variables that can increase basal metabolic rate, and 3
that can decrease basal metabolic rate
Answer: - Increase - BMR increases with body weight, men more
than women, periods of rapid growth, and the hotter the body
temperature is above normal the higher the BMR is
- Decrease - BMR decreases with age, lower body weight, and in
women more than men
◉ Describe 3 methods for measuring energy expenditure, what are
some advantages and disadvantages of each method?
Answer: - Direct calorimetry - Heat given off when placed in
chamber, expensive and impractical, accurate in measuring enery
expenditure
- Indirect calorimetry - Oxygen use and carbon dioxide production,
not practical in free-living individuals, very good for estimating
AND NURSING FUNDAMENTALS REVIEW 2026
◉ Explain how energy balance is related to body weight?
Answer: - Measures of amounts of energy supplied to or expended
by body
- Calories in = calories out, body weight remains constant
- Body weight increases with positive energy balance, body weight
decreased with negative energy balance
◉ Describe what it means to be in energy balance, negative energy
balance, and positive energy balance
Answer: - Positive energy balance - energy consumption greater
than energy expenditure
- Negative energy balance - energy consumption less than energy
expenditure
- Energy balance - energy consumption matches energy expenditure
◉ What happens to excess calories when we eat more energy than
we expend?
Answer: - Excess carbs stored as glycogen and/or
converted to fat
- Excess protein, fat - converted/stored as
,fat
** Stored as fat **
◉ How can dietary carbohydrate and protein be stored as fat? Is this
preferred to storing dietary fat?
Answer: - Carbohydrates are converted to pyruvate and amino acids
remove an NH2 molecule
- Then through acetyl-coA are converted to fatty acids
- No because dietary fat can skip several steps for storage
◉ When we are in a calorie deficit, how do we meet our energy
needs and maintain blood glucose?
Answer: - When in a calorie deficiency we use fat stores to meet
energy needs
◉ What are the components that make up total energy expenditure?
Answer: BMR, PA, and TEF
◉ What is the thermic effect of food?
Answer: - Energy needed to digest, absorb, and process nutrients
from foods
- 10% of energy intake - varies with nutrients
, ◉ What contributes the most to TEE in a sedentary person?
Answer: - Thermic effect of food contributes the most to a sedentary
person
◉ What component is most variable between individuals?
Answer: - PA (physical activity)
◉ Name 3 variables that can increase basal metabolic rate, and 3
that can decrease basal metabolic rate
Answer: - Increase - BMR increases with body weight, men more
than women, periods of rapid growth, and the hotter the body
temperature is above normal the higher the BMR is
- Decrease - BMR decreases with age, lower body weight, and in
women more than men
◉ Describe 3 methods for measuring energy expenditure, what are
some advantages and disadvantages of each method?
Answer: - Direct calorimetry - Heat given off when placed in
chamber, expensive and impractical, accurate in measuring enery
expenditure
- Indirect calorimetry - Oxygen use and carbon dioxide production,
not practical in free-living individuals, very good for estimating
