PSYCH 250 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

PSYCH 250 EXAM 1 UPDATED ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS

Question:
1. What is development?
Answer:
A process of age related changes across the lifespan, changes in growth,feelings,and patterns of thinking

Question:
2. Five assumptions of the lifespan perspective
Answer:
1. is lifelong
2. is multidimensional
3. is multidirectional
4. is highly plastic(openness to change)
5. affected by multiple interacting influences

Question:
3. Multidimensional development
Answer:
multiple mechanisms: biological, social, psychological Multiple domains: physical, cognitive,
,psychosocial(feelings,emotions,sense of self, interacting with other people)

Question:
4. Multidirectional development
Answer:
a joint expression of growth and decline, both over time and within each domain(get good at one thing
decline in the other)

Question:
5. Age-graded influences
Answer:
Influences that are similar for individuals in a particular age group.(One-year-olds start to walk at the same
time)

Question:
6. history graded influences
Answer:
forces that influence the behavior and attitudes of individuals in a certain generation at a formative time in
their lives

Question:
7. nonnormative influences

,Answer:
unusual occurrences - major impact but not applicable to many people(winning the lottery, debilitating car
crash)

Question:
8. Definition and function of theories
Answer:
an orderly integrated set of statements that describes, explains, and predicts behavior.

Question:
9. Different theories in approaches to development
Answer:
1. view of the developing person
2.view of course development
3.view of determinants of development

Question:
10. Organismic theories
Answer:
change stimulated from within the organism(person), active

Question:
11. Mechanistic theories
Answer:
Change stimulated by environment, passive

Question:
12. continuous development theory
Answer:
gradually adding on more

Question:
13. discontinuous development
Answer:
new understandings emerge at particular periods-stage=qualitative(Larve, juvinile form form, adult form)

Question:
14. Nature
Answer:
Genetic inborn qualities

Question:
15. Nurture
Answer:
learning and experience(environment)

,Question:
16. Premise of Freud psychosexual theory
Answer:
Children move through stages in which they confront conflicts between inner needs and social demands.
How conflict is resolved determines personality

Question:
17. ID
Answer:
-present at birth
-represents biological needs/desires
-requires immediate gratification; unconscious

Question:
18. EGO
Answer:
-conscious, rational, problem solving part
-emerges in early infancy
-restricts the ID masters and controls urges

Question:
19. SUPEREGO
Answer:
-moral ethical component
-developed from ages 3-6
-"What should I be doing?"

Question:
20. Ericksons theory
Answer:
environmental controls behavior, emphasizes role of experience.

Question:
21. Differences in Ericksons vs Freud theory
Answer:
1. Ericksons covers the entire lifespan(freud only childhood)
2. views personality as a psychosocial process
3. emphasized psychosocial crisis/conflict-8 stages
4. more emphasis on ego vs id

Question:
22. ego-identity
Answer:
a firm sense of who one is and what one stands for

Question:
23. Contribution of Psychoanalytic Theory

, Answer:
-It emphasizes the individual's unique life history as worthy of study and understanding --and inspired a
wealth of research on many aspects of emotional and social development.

Question:
24. Limitations of psychoanalytic theory
Answer:
- theorist became isolated from the rest of the field because they were so strongly committed to in-depth
study of individuals they failed to consider other methods
-many psychoanalytic theories like psychosexual stages and ego functioning are to vague to be tested

Question:
25. traditional behaviorism-Watson
Answer:
-observable stimulus-response associations
-classical conditioning

Question:
26. Skinner operant conditioning
Answer:
focuses on consequences of a behavior determine whether or not it is repeated in the future

Question:
27. reinforcement
Answer:
increases the likelihood of a behavior positive- giving you something negative-taking something away

Question:
28. punishment
Answer:
decreases likelihood of a behavior Positive-adding chores negative-taking away phone

Question:
29. Bandura Social Cognitive Theory
Answer:
modeling and observational learning

Question:
30. Observational learning
Answer:
learning by observing others

Question:
31. Humans as cognitive beings
Answer:
Active processing of info from the environment plays a major role in learning