Test Bank for Pharmacology and the Nursing Process 10th
Edition By Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Julie Snyder Chapter 1-58
|Complete Study Guide 2027
,Complete Study Guide - Test Bank for Pharmacology and the
Nursing Process 10th Edition
Bronchodilators overview - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Bronchodilators are an
important part of the pharmacotherapy for all respiratory diseases. These drugs
relax bronchial smooth muscle, which causes dilation of the bronchi and
bronchioles that are narrowed as a result of the disease process. There are three
classes of such drugs: beta adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, and xanthine
derivatives.
Beta andregenic drug overview - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The beta-adrenergic
agonists are a group of drugs that are commonly used during the acute phase of
an asthmatic attack to quickly reduce airway constriction and restore airflow to
normal. They are agonists of the adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous
system. The beta and alpha adrenergic receptors are discussed in Chapters 18 and
19. The beta agonists imitate the effects of norepinephrine on beta receptors. For
this reason, they are also called sympathomimetic bronchodilators. The beta
agonists are categorized by their onset of action. Short-acting beta agonist (SABA)
inhalers include albuterol (Ventolin), levalbuterol (Xopenex), pirbuterol (Maxair),
terbutaline (Brethine), and metaproterenol (Alupent). Long-acting beta agonist
(LABA) inhalers include arformoterol (Brovana), formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist),
and salmeterol (Serevent). The newest long-acting beta agonists are indacterol
(Arcapta Neohaler); vilanterol in conjunction with fluticasone (Breo Ellipta); and
vilanterol in conjunction with the anticholinergic umeclidinium (Anoro Ellipta).
The term Ellipta refers to a new delivery system. Because the long-acting beta
agonists (LABAs) have a longer onset of action, they must never be used for acute
treatment. Patients must be taught to use the short-acting beta agonist (SABA) as
rescue treatment.
Short acting beta agonist - <CORRECT ANSWER >>albuterol (Ventolin),
levalbuterol (Xopenex), pirbuterol (Maxair), terbutaline (Brethine), and
metaproterenol (Alupent).
,Albuterol - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Class : beta 2 agonist (short acting)
Indications and mechanisms of action: is a short-acting beta2-specific
bronchodilating beta agonist. Other similar drugs include bitolterol (Tornalate),
levalbuterol (Xopenex), pirbuterol (Maxair), and terbutaline (Brethine). Albuterol
is the most commonly used drug in this class. If albuterol is used too frequently,
dose-related adverse effects may be seen, because albuterol loses its beta2-
specific actions, especially at larger dosages
Contraindications :. As a consequence, the beta1 receptors are stimulated, which
causes nausea, increased anxiety, palpitations, tremors, and an increased heart
rate.
Route: po and inhalation
Other facts: levorotatory isomeric form of albuterol, levalbuterol, is sometimes
prescribed as an albuterol alternative for patients with certain risk factors (e.g.,
tachycardia, including tachycardia associated with albuterol treatment). (Lilley
583)
Lilley, Linda, Shelly Collins, Julie Snyder. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process,
8th Edition. Mosby, 022016. VitalBook file.
long acting beta agonist - <CORRECT ANSWER >>arformoterol (Brovana),
formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist), and salmeterol (Serevent). The newest long-
, acting beta agonists are indacterol (Arcapta Neohaler); vilanterol in conjunction
with fluticasone (Breo Ellipta); and vilanterol in conjunction with the
anticholinergic umeclidinium (Anoro Ellipta)
beta andregenic mechanism of action and drug effect - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The
beta agonists relax and dilate airways by stimulating the beta2-adrenergic
receptors located throughout the lungs.
582
There are three subtypes of these drugs, based on their selectivity for beta2
receptors:
1. Nonselective adrenergic drugs, which stimulate the beta, beta1 (cardiac), and
beta2 (respiratory) receptors. Example: epinephrine. (NOTE: Epinephrine inhalers
were taken off the market in 2012 because they did not comply with FDA
requirements). Epinephrine is available as a prefilled syringe for self-
administration by patients with severe allergic reactions and is called EpiPen
(Figure 37-2).
2. Nonselective beta-adrenergic drugs, which stimulate both beta1 and beta2
receptors. Example: metaproterenol.
3. Selective beta2 drugs, which primarily stimulate the beta2 receptors. Example:
albuterol.
These drugs can also be categorized according to their routes of administration as
oral, injectable, or inhaled. The various beta agonist bronchodilators are listed in
Table 37-3. The bronchioles are surrounded by smooth muscle. When the smooth
muscle contracts, the airways are narrowed and the amount of oxygen and
Edition By Linda Lilley, Shelly Collins, Julie Snyder Chapter 1-58
|Complete Study Guide 2027
,Complete Study Guide - Test Bank for Pharmacology and the
Nursing Process 10th Edition
Bronchodilators overview - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Bronchodilators are an
important part of the pharmacotherapy for all respiratory diseases. These drugs
relax bronchial smooth muscle, which causes dilation of the bronchi and
bronchioles that are narrowed as a result of the disease process. There are three
classes of such drugs: beta adrenergic agonists, anticholinergics, and xanthine
derivatives.
Beta andregenic drug overview - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The beta-adrenergic
agonists are a group of drugs that are commonly used during the acute phase of
an asthmatic attack to quickly reduce airway constriction and restore airflow to
normal. They are agonists of the adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic nervous
system. The beta and alpha adrenergic receptors are discussed in Chapters 18 and
19. The beta agonists imitate the effects of norepinephrine on beta receptors. For
this reason, they are also called sympathomimetic bronchodilators. The beta
agonists are categorized by their onset of action. Short-acting beta agonist (SABA)
inhalers include albuterol (Ventolin), levalbuterol (Xopenex), pirbuterol (Maxair),
terbutaline (Brethine), and metaproterenol (Alupent). Long-acting beta agonist
(LABA) inhalers include arformoterol (Brovana), formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist),
and salmeterol (Serevent). The newest long-acting beta agonists are indacterol
(Arcapta Neohaler); vilanterol in conjunction with fluticasone (Breo Ellipta); and
vilanterol in conjunction with the anticholinergic umeclidinium (Anoro Ellipta).
The term Ellipta refers to a new delivery system. Because the long-acting beta
agonists (LABAs) have a longer onset of action, they must never be used for acute
treatment. Patients must be taught to use the short-acting beta agonist (SABA) as
rescue treatment.
Short acting beta agonist - <CORRECT ANSWER >>albuterol (Ventolin),
levalbuterol (Xopenex), pirbuterol (Maxair), terbutaline (Brethine), and
metaproterenol (Alupent).
,Albuterol - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Class : beta 2 agonist (short acting)
Indications and mechanisms of action: is a short-acting beta2-specific
bronchodilating beta agonist. Other similar drugs include bitolterol (Tornalate),
levalbuterol (Xopenex), pirbuterol (Maxair), and terbutaline (Brethine). Albuterol
is the most commonly used drug in this class. If albuterol is used too frequently,
dose-related adverse effects may be seen, because albuterol loses its beta2-
specific actions, especially at larger dosages
Contraindications :. As a consequence, the beta1 receptors are stimulated, which
causes nausea, increased anxiety, palpitations, tremors, and an increased heart
rate.
Route: po and inhalation
Other facts: levorotatory isomeric form of albuterol, levalbuterol, is sometimes
prescribed as an albuterol alternative for patients with certain risk factors (e.g.,
tachycardia, including tachycardia associated with albuterol treatment). (Lilley
583)
Lilley, Linda, Shelly Collins, Julie Snyder. Pharmacology and the Nursing Process,
8th Edition. Mosby, 022016. VitalBook file.
long acting beta agonist - <CORRECT ANSWER >>arformoterol (Brovana),
formoterol (Foradil, Perforomist), and salmeterol (Serevent). The newest long-
, acting beta agonists are indacterol (Arcapta Neohaler); vilanterol in conjunction
with fluticasone (Breo Ellipta); and vilanterol in conjunction with the
anticholinergic umeclidinium (Anoro Ellipta)
beta andregenic mechanism of action and drug effect - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The
beta agonists relax and dilate airways by stimulating the beta2-adrenergic
receptors located throughout the lungs.
582
There are three subtypes of these drugs, based on their selectivity for beta2
receptors:
1. Nonselective adrenergic drugs, which stimulate the beta, beta1 (cardiac), and
beta2 (respiratory) receptors. Example: epinephrine. (NOTE: Epinephrine inhalers
were taken off the market in 2012 because they did not comply with FDA
requirements). Epinephrine is available as a prefilled syringe for self-
administration by patients with severe allergic reactions and is called EpiPen
(Figure 37-2).
2. Nonselective beta-adrenergic drugs, which stimulate both beta1 and beta2
receptors. Example: metaproterenol.
3. Selective beta2 drugs, which primarily stimulate the beta2 receptors. Example:
albuterol.
These drugs can also be categorized according to their routes of administration as
oral, injectable, or inhaled. The various beta agonist bronchodilators are listed in
Table 37-3. The bronchioles are surrounded by smooth muscle. When the smooth
muscle contracts, the airways are narrowed and the amount of oxygen and
