AP CHEMISTRY TEST PAPER QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS GRADED A
A+
◉ mass spectrometry. Answer: mass of various isotopic elements to
create a mass spectrum graph
◉ avogadros number. Answer: 6.022 E23
◉ ? L/mol. Answer: 22.4 L
◉ empirical formula. Answer: simplest ratio of the molecules making up
a compound
◉ molecular formula. Answer: actual formula for a substance
◉ coulombs law. Answer: the amount of energy that an electron has
depends on its distance from the nucleus of an atom; e=k(q1*q20)/r
◉ ionization energy. Answer: amount of energy necessary to remove
electrons from an atom (electromagnetic energy exceeds binding energy)
, ◉ shielding electrons. Answer: electrons between a valence electron and
the nucleus that decreases the attraction between the nucleus and the
valence electron
◉ periodic trend: left to right. Answer: periodic trend: atomic radius
decreases; protons are added to the nucleus so valence electrons are
more strongly attracted
ionization energy increases (protons are added to the nucleus)
◉ periodic trend: down a group. Answer: periodic trend: atomic radius
increases; shells of electrons are added which shield the more distant
shells and valence e- get farther away
ionization energy decreases (shells of e- added, each inner shell shields
more and reduces the pull on valence e- so they are easier to remove)
◉ ionic bond. Answer: bond between metal and nonmetal; electrons are
NOT shared: the cation gives an e- up to the anion
◉ metallic bonding. Answer: bond between two metals; sea of electrons
that make metals such good conductors; delocalized structure allows for
malleability and ductility
A+
◉ mass spectrometry. Answer: mass of various isotopic elements to
create a mass spectrum graph
◉ avogadros number. Answer: 6.022 E23
◉ ? L/mol. Answer: 22.4 L
◉ empirical formula. Answer: simplest ratio of the molecules making up
a compound
◉ molecular formula. Answer: actual formula for a substance
◉ coulombs law. Answer: the amount of energy that an electron has
depends on its distance from the nucleus of an atom; e=k(q1*q20)/r
◉ ionization energy. Answer: amount of energy necessary to remove
electrons from an atom (electromagnetic energy exceeds binding energy)
, ◉ shielding electrons. Answer: electrons between a valence electron and
the nucleus that decreases the attraction between the nucleus and the
valence electron
◉ periodic trend: left to right. Answer: periodic trend: atomic radius
decreases; protons are added to the nucleus so valence electrons are
more strongly attracted
ionization energy increases (protons are added to the nucleus)
◉ periodic trend: down a group. Answer: periodic trend: atomic radius
increases; shells of electrons are added which shield the more distant
shells and valence e- get farther away
ionization energy decreases (shells of e- added, each inner shell shields
more and reduces the pull on valence e- so they are easier to remove)
◉ ionic bond. Answer: bond between metal and nonmetal; electrons are
NOT shared: the cation gives an e- up to the anion
◉ metallic bonding. Answer: bond between two metals; sea of electrons
that make metals such good conductors; delocalized structure allows for
malleability and ductility
