DOWNLOAD ONLINE EXAM MANUAL
BIOD 152: ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY II
MODULE II — 2026–2027 UPDATED EXAM 100% (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
A+ GRADE BRAND NEW EXAM PREPARATION MANUAL
SUBJECT / DISCIPLINE Advanced Human Anatomy, Physiology II & Pathopathology
OFFICIAL REFERENCE Portage Learning & BIOD 152 Curriculum Standards
BOARD / EXAM PREP Module II Proctored Exam & Lecture Review Companion
CONTENT PROFILE 105 Highly Rigorous Scenario-Based Multiple-Choice Questions
This Exam contains:
PASS
• 105 Highly Rigorous, Scenario-Based Questions & Answers.
100%
• Comprehensive coverage of Neurobiology, Special Senses, Cardiovascular, GUARANTEED
Lymphatic, Urinary, and Reproductive systems.
• Detailed diagnostic rationales explaining correct and incorrect options.
• In alignment with standard AP2 proctored board parameters.
• 100% Verified Answers and High-Yield Explanations.
,BIOD 152 AP2 MODULE II — 2026–2027 BOARD REVIEW 100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
TABLE OF CONTENTS & SYLLABUS MAPPING
This comprehensive exam preparation companion is systematically organized into six core physiological chapters.
Every question is designed to test high-yield concepts using clinical scenarios to promote active recall and long-term
retention. To ensure pristine visual presentation, each question is rendered on its own dedicated page with no text or
option breaks.
CHAPTER I: Neurobiology and the Central Nervous System (Q1 – Q26) Page 3
CHAPTER II: Special Senses and Oral Cavity (Q27 – Q38) Page 29
CHAPTER III: Cardiovascular System and Hemodynamics (Q39 – Q62) Page 41
CHAPTER IV: Lymphatic System, Immunology, and Fluids (Q63 – Q77) Page 65
CHAPTER V: Urinary and Renal Physiology (Q78 – Q92) Page 80
CHAPTER VI: Reproductive Physiology and Development (Q93 – Q105) Page 95
Page 2
,BIOD 152 AP2 MODULE II — 2026–2027 BOARD REVIEW 100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
CHAPTER I: NEUROBIOLOGY AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 1 OF 105
Learning Objective: Understand neuronal structure, excitability, and impulse transmission.
An anatomist is examining a neuron under a microscope. The neuron is observed to have
exactly two distinct protoplasmic extensions protruding from opposite sides of the central cell
body. Which of the following terms best describes this neuron structurally?
A. Multipolar neuron
B. Bipolar neuron
C. Unipolar neuron
D. Pseudounipolar neuron
ANSWER : B — Bipolar neuron
A bipolar neuron has exactly two protoplasmic extensions arising from the central cell body: one dendrite and one
axon. Multipolar neurons have one axon and multiple dendrites. Unipolar neurons have a single process, and
pseudounipolar neurons have a single process that splits into two branches.
Page 3
, BIOD 152 AP2 MODULE II — 2026–2027 BOARD REVIEW 100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
CHAPTER I: NEUROBIOLOGY AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 2 OF 105
Learning Objective: Understand neuronal structure, excitability, and impulse transmission.
During a neurophysiology experiment, a researcher records the membrane potential of a neuron
during the phase immediately following an action potential (Section 4 on the tracing). The
potential is measured at -85 mV before returning to the resting state of -70 mV. What cellular
mechanism is occurring during this phase, and what is its correct designation?
A. Depolarization; sodium channels remain open and sodium rushes into the cell
B. Repolarization; potassium channels close rapidly while sodium channels open
C. Hyperpolarization (Afterpolarization); potassium gates are slow to close, causing an undershoot of membrane
potential below -70 mV
D. Resting potential; the sodium-potassium pump is completely inactive
ANSWER : C — Hyperpolarization (Afterpolarization); potassium gates are slow to close,
causing an undershoot of membrane potential below -70 mV
During hyperpolarization (afterpolarization), the voltage-gated potassium channels are slow to close. This delay
allows additional potassium ions to exit the cell, causing the membrane potential to drop below the resting state of
-70 mV (undershoot) before returning to baseline once the potassium gates close and resting concentrations are
restored.
Page 4
BIOD 152: ADVANCED HUMAN ANATOMY
& PHYSIOLOGY II
MODULE II — 2026–2027 UPDATED EXAM 100% (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
A+ GRADE BRAND NEW EXAM PREPARATION MANUAL
SUBJECT / DISCIPLINE Advanced Human Anatomy, Physiology II & Pathopathology
OFFICIAL REFERENCE Portage Learning & BIOD 152 Curriculum Standards
BOARD / EXAM PREP Module II Proctored Exam & Lecture Review Companion
CONTENT PROFILE 105 Highly Rigorous Scenario-Based Multiple-Choice Questions
This Exam contains:
PASS
• 105 Highly Rigorous, Scenario-Based Questions & Answers.
100%
• Comprehensive coverage of Neurobiology, Special Senses, Cardiovascular, GUARANTEED
Lymphatic, Urinary, and Reproductive systems.
• Detailed diagnostic rationales explaining correct and incorrect options.
• In alignment with standard AP2 proctored board parameters.
• 100% Verified Answers and High-Yield Explanations.
,BIOD 152 AP2 MODULE II — 2026–2027 BOARD REVIEW 100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
TABLE OF CONTENTS & SYLLABUS MAPPING
This comprehensive exam preparation companion is systematically organized into six core physiological chapters.
Every question is designed to test high-yield concepts using clinical scenarios to promote active recall and long-term
retention. To ensure pristine visual presentation, each question is rendered on its own dedicated page with no text or
option breaks.
CHAPTER I: Neurobiology and the Central Nervous System (Q1 – Q26) Page 3
CHAPTER II: Special Senses and Oral Cavity (Q27 – Q38) Page 29
CHAPTER III: Cardiovascular System and Hemodynamics (Q39 – Q62) Page 41
CHAPTER IV: Lymphatic System, Immunology, and Fluids (Q63 – Q77) Page 65
CHAPTER V: Urinary and Renal Physiology (Q78 – Q92) Page 80
CHAPTER VI: Reproductive Physiology and Development (Q93 – Q105) Page 95
Page 2
,BIOD 152 AP2 MODULE II — 2026–2027 BOARD REVIEW 100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
CHAPTER I: NEUROBIOLOGY AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 1 OF 105
Learning Objective: Understand neuronal structure, excitability, and impulse transmission.
An anatomist is examining a neuron under a microscope. The neuron is observed to have
exactly two distinct protoplasmic extensions protruding from opposite sides of the central cell
body. Which of the following terms best describes this neuron structurally?
A. Multipolar neuron
B. Bipolar neuron
C. Unipolar neuron
D. Pseudounipolar neuron
ANSWER : B — Bipolar neuron
A bipolar neuron has exactly two protoplasmic extensions arising from the central cell body: one dendrite and one
axon. Multipolar neurons have one axon and multiple dendrites. Unipolar neurons have a single process, and
pseudounipolar neurons have a single process that splits into two branches.
Page 3
, BIOD 152 AP2 MODULE II — 2026–2027 BOARD REVIEW 100% VERIFIED EXAM PREP
CHAPTER I: NEUROBIOLOGY AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
QUESTION 2 OF 105
Learning Objective: Understand neuronal structure, excitability, and impulse transmission.
During a neurophysiology experiment, a researcher records the membrane potential of a neuron
during the phase immediately following an action potential (Section 4 on the tracing). The
potential is measured at -85 mV before returning to the resting state of -70 mV. What cellular
mechanism is occurring during this phase, and what is its correct designation?
A. Depolarization; sodium channels remain open and sodium rushes into the cell
B. Repolarization; potassium channels close rapidly while sodium channels open
C. Hyperpolarization (Afterpolarization); potassium gates are slow to close, causing an undershoot of membrane
potential below -70 mV
D. Resting potential; the sodium-potassium pump is completely inactive
ANSWER : C — Hyperpolarization (Afterpolarization); potassium gates are slow to close,
causing an undershoot of membrane potential below -70 mV
During hyperpolarization (afterpolarization), the voltage-gated potassium channels are slow to close. This delay
allows additional potassium ions to exit the cell, causing the membrane potential to drop below the resting state of
-70 mV (undershoot) before returning to baseline once the potassium gates close and resting concentrations are
restored.
Page 4
