NRNP 6540 MIDTERM 2026 FINAL REVIEW
QUESTIONS ANSWERS BUNDLED PRACTICE
COLLECTION
◉ Findings and diagnostics soft tissue injury.
Answer: pain
swelling
feeling of instability of joint
Ruptures/ muscle tear: decreased ROM, immediate swelling and
hematoma, abnormal contour muscle, instability of joint, pain/
guarding, watch neurovascular integrity
Ligaments/ sprain: pain on palpation and ROM, decreased ROM with
moderate swelling, Lachman's test (hypermobile joint is positive
sign)
Strain/ muscle or tendon: swelling, decreased/ absent ROM, pain/
guarding
,Cartilage: swelling, click during McMurray's test (would indicate
meniscus tear), pain/ guarding
Bursa: swelling with boggy feeling, erythema over bursa, decreased
ROM
Skin: abrasion, laceration, puncture
◉ Soft tissue injury findings and diagnostics.
Answer: WBC increased, especially with bursitis
Hgb decreased with massive hematoma
Synovial fluid aspiration: WBC with inflammation, RBC with
bleeding into joint, crystals with gout
Xr will reveal swelling
MRI (knee/ shoulder) location and degree of injury
◉ Soft tissue injury management.
Answer: PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation)
possible immobilization
surgery, if rupture, grade III ligaments sprain, septic bursa, wound
closure
PT
NSAIDS
,Muscle relaxant
Opioids - short term
Broad spectrum ab's (cephalexin, cefazolin)
◉ Fracture Classification - Gustillo.
Answer: - Closed
- Open:
Type 1: wound smaller than 1cm
Type 2: wound larger than 1cm, moderate contamination
Type 3: high degree of contamination, severe fracture instability, soft
tissue damage. T3A: soft tissue coverage adequate, T3B: extensive
injury soft tissue, exposed bone, T3C: open fracture with arterial
injury
- Incomplete or complete
- stress
- traumatic/ pathologic
- displaced/ non-displaced
◉ Type of fracture lines.
Answer: Transverse
Spiral
Oblique
, Comminuted
Logtitudinal
butterfly
segmental
impacted
◉ Salter-Harris Fracture Classification.
Answer: Concerns growth plate
S: straight across growth plate
A: Above growth plate
L: BeLow growth plate
T: Through growth plate
R: ERaser of growth plate (Rammed)
◉ Cause of fractures.
Answer: Trauma, tumor, osteoporosis, drugs (prednisone),
nutritional deficiency (Vit D), neuromuscular disorders
◉ Findings and diagnostics of fractures.
Answer: Pain
History of traumatic event
QUESTIONS ANSWERS BUNDLED PRACTICE
COLLECTION
◉ Findings and diagnostics soft tissue injury.
Answer: pain
swelling
feeling of instability of joint
Ruptures/ muscle tear: decreased ROM, immediate swelling and
hematoma, abnormal contour muscle, instability of joint, pain/
guarding, watch neurovascular integrity
Ligaments/ sprain: pain on palpation and ROM, decreased ROM with
moderate swelling, Lachman's test (hypermobile joint is positive
sign)
Strain/ muscle or tendon: swelling, decreased/ absent ROM, pain/
guarding
,Cartilage: swelling, click during McMurray's test (would indicate
meniscus tear), pain/ guarding
Bursa: swelling with boggy feeling, erythema over bursa, decreased
ROM
Skin: abrasion, laceration, puncture
◉ Soft tissue injury findings and diagnostics.
Answer: WBC increased, especially with bursitis
Hgb decreased with massive hematoma
Synovial fluid aspiration: WBC with inflammation, RBC with
bleeding into joint, crystals with gout
Xr will reveal swelling
MRI (knee/ shoulder) location and degree of injury
◉ Soft tissue injury management.
Answer: PRICE (protection, rest, ice, compression, elevation)
possible immobilization
surgery, if rupture, grade III ligaments sprain, septic bursa, wound
closure
PT
NSAIDS
,Muscle relaxant
Opioids - short term
Broad spectrum ab's (cephalexin, cefazolin)
◉ Fracture Classification - Gustillo.
Answer: - Closed
- Open:
Type 1: wound smaller than 1cm
Type 2: wound larger than 1cm, moderate contamination
Type 3: high degree of contamination, severe fracture instability, soft
tissue damage. T3A: soft tissue coverage adequate, T3B: extensive
injury soft tissue, exposed bone, T3C: open fracture with arterial
injury
- Incomplete or complete
- stress
- traumatic/ pathologic
- displaced/ non-displaced
◉ Type of fracture lines.
Answer: Transverse
Spiral
Oblique
, Comminuted
Logtitudinal
butterfly
segmental
impacted
◉ Salter-Harris Fracture Classification.
Answer: Concerns growth plate
S: straight across growth plate
A: Above growth plate
L: BeLow growth plate
T: Through growth plate
R: ERaser of growth plate (Rammed)
◉ Cause of fractures.
Answer: Trauma, tumor, osteoporosis, drugs (prednisone),
nutritional deficiency (Vit D), neuromuscular disorders
◉ Findings and diagnostics of fractures.
Answer: Pain
History of traumatic event
