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Lecture notes

Alcohol reaction

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1. Nitration with Dilute Nitric Acid (dil. HNO3) Reaction: Phenol reacts with dilute HNO3 at a low temperature. Products: Forms a mixture of ortho-nitrophenol and para-nitrophenol. Key Concept: The hydroxyl group (-OH) is a strong activating group that directs incoming groups to the ortho and para positions. 2. Nitration with Concentrated Nitric Acid ( conc. HNO3) Reaction: Phenol reacts vigorously with concentrated HNO3. Products: Forms 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, commonly known as Picric Acid. Key Concept: The high reactivity of phenol leads to multi- substitution at all available ortho and para positions simultaneously. 3. Bromination in Non-Polar Solvent (Br2/CS2) Reaction: Phenol reacts with bromine dissolved in carbon disulfide (CS2) at low temperatures (273 K).

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Jonathan Clayden, Nick Greeves Organic Chemistry
Publisher: Unknown ISBN: 9780198503460 Edition: Unknown

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