CEP PHASE 1: CEP MATERIAL
CLASS 12th, HALF TERM
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CHAPTERS: 1- 8
INDEX
S.No. TOPIC Pg.no.
1 SYLLABUS 1-2
2 Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 2-5
3 Chapter-2: Human Reproduction 5-9
4 Chapter-3: Reproductive Health 9-13
5 Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation 13-16
6 Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance 17-20
7 Chapter-6: Evolution 20-23
8 Chapter-7: Human Health and Diseases 23-27
9 Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare 28-31
PREPARED BY: STATE RESOURCE TEAM BIOLOGY , PUNJAB.
SYLLABUS
UNIT-I REPRODUCTION
Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination
- types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post
fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit;
special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit
formation.
Chapter-2: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis
-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst
formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary
idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-3: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control -
need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility
and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
UNIT-II GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-
dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy;
elementary idea of polygenic inheritance;chromosometheoryofinheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex
determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance -
haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in
humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
1
,Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging;
DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-
lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-6: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative
anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of
evolution; mechanism of evolution-variation(mutation and recombination)and natural selection with
examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive
radiation; human evolution.
UNIT-III BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE
Chapter-7: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis,
typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of
immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes
as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Ch: 1- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
1. FLOW CHART:
2
, 2. PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. Assertion (A): Triple fusion in angiosperms results in the formation of primary endosperm
nucleus.
Reason (R): One male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei in the central cell of embryo sac.
(Application based)
(A). Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B). Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C). A is true, but R is false.
(D). A is false, but R is true.s
2. Which one is a post-fertilization event? (Knowledge based)
(A) Megasporogenesis (B) Gametogenesis
(C)Endosperm development (D) Pollination
3. Incompatibility in pollen-stigma interaction is due to: (Understanding based)
(A) DNA methylation (B) RNA-interference
(C) S-gene expression (D) Histone acetylation
4. Advantage of cleistogamy is: (Application based)
(A) Cross pollination (B) Genetic recombination
(C)Assured seed set (D) Greater variation
5. Which hormone induces ovule maturation? (Understanding based)
(A) Gibberellin (B) Cytokinin (C) Auxin (D) Abscisic acid
6. If a diploid plant produces gametes by mitosis, it is: (Analysis based)
(A) Haploid (B) Polyembryonic (C) Apomictic (D) Triploid
7. Synergids help in: (Understanding based)
(A) Endosperm nutrition (B) Guiding pollen tube
(C) Incompatibility-reaction (D) Double fertilization
8. Seed dormancy is advantageous because: (Application based)
(A) Increases seed weight (B) Allows timefor dispersal
(C) Rapid germination (D) None
9. Assertion (A):Cleistogamous flowers promote genetic variation.
Reason (R): They ensure cross-pollination by opening their petals. (Evaluation based)
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B). Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C). A is true, but R is false.
(D). A is false, but R is true.
10. Assertion (A):Synergids help in guiding the pollen tube towards the egg cell.
Reason (R):Synergids secrete chemicals that attract the pollen tube. (Evaluation based)
(A). Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B). Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C). A is true, but R is false.
(D). A is false, but R is true.
B. ONE MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Explain role of vegetative cell during pollen tube growth. (Understanding based)
2. In what way do antipodal cells contribute to the function of the female gametophyte in angiosperms?
(Analysis based)
3. Vallisneria is a submerged aquatic plant. Why is having unisexual flowers considered an evolutionary
advantage in such habitat? (Evaluation based)
4. Recall a plant that exhibits polyembryony. (Knowlegde based)
5. Identify the role of tapetum in microsporangium? (Understanding based)
3
CLASS 12th, HALF TERM
SUBJECT: BIOLOGY CHAPTERS: 1- 8
INDEX
S.No. TOPIC Pg.no.
1 SYLLABUS 1-2
2 Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 2-5
3 Chapter-2: Human Reproduction 5-9
4 Chapter-3: Reproductive Health 9-13
5 Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation 13-16
6 Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance 17-20
7 Chapter-6: Evolution 20-23
8 Chapter-7: Human Health and Diseases 23-27
9 Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare 28-31
PREPARED BY: STATE RESOURCE TEAM BIOLOGY , PUNJAB.
SYLLABUS
UNIT-I REPRODUCTION
Chapter-1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination
- types, agencies and examples; out breeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post
fertilization events - development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit;
special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit
formation.
Chapter-2: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis
-spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development up to blastocyst
formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary
idea); lactation (elementary idea).
Chapter-3: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control -
need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility
and assisted reproductive technologies - IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
UNIT-II GENETICS AND EVOLUTION
Chapter-4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-
dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy;
elementary idea of polygenic inheritance;chromosometheoryofinheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex
determination - in humans, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance -
haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans - thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in
humans; Down's syndrome, Turner's and Klinefelter's syndromes.
1
,Chapter-5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging;
DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation-
lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
Chapter-6: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative
anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin's contribution, modern synthetic theory of
evolution; mechanism of evolution-variation(mutation and recombination)and natural selection with
examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg's principle; adaptive
radiation; human evolution.
UNIT-III BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE
Chapter-7: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis,
typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of
immunology - vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence - drug and alcohol abuse.
Chapter-8: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes
as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
Ch: 1- SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN FLOWERING PLANTS
1. FLOW CHART:
2
, 2. PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. Assertion (A): Triple fusion in angiosperms results in the formation of primary endosperm
nucleus.
Reason (R): One male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei in the central cell of embryo sac.
(Application based)
(A). Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B). Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C). A is true, but R is false.
(D). A is false, but R is true.s
2. Which one is a post-fertilization event? (Knowledge based)
(A) Megasporogenesis (B) Gametogenesis
(C)Endosperm development (D) Pollination
3. Incompatibility in pollen-stigma interaction is due to: (Understanding based)
(A) DNA methylation (B) RNA-interference
(C) S-gene expression (D) Histone acetylation
4. Advantage of cleistogamy is: (Application based)
(A) Cross pollination (B) Genetic recombination
(C)Assured seed set (D) Greater variation
5. Which hormone induces ovule maturation? (Understanding based)
(A) Gibberellin (B) Cytokinin (C) Auxin (D) Abscisic acid
6. If a diploid plant produces gametes by mitosis, it is: (Analysis based)
(A) Haploid (B) Polyembryonic (C) Apomictic (D) Triploid
7. Synergids help in: (Understanding based)
(A) Endosperm nutrition (B) Guiding pollen tube
(C) Incompatibility-reaction (D) Double fertilization
8. Seed dormancy is advantageous because: (Application based)
(A) Increases seed weight (B) Allows timefor dispersal
(C) Rapid germination (D) None
9. Assertion (A):Cleistogamous flowers promote genetic variation.
Reason (R): They ensure cross-pollination by opening their petals. (Evaluation based)
(A) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B). Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C). A is true, but R is false.
(D). A is false, but R is true.
10. Assertion (A):Synergids help in guiding the pollen tube towards the egg cell.
Reason (R):Synergids secrete chemicals that attract the pollen tube. (Evaluation based)
(A). Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B). Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(C). A is true, but R is false.
(D). A is false, but R is true.
B. ONE MARK QUESTIONS:
1. Explain role of vegetative cell during pollen tube growth. (Understanding based)
2. In what way do antipodal cells contribute to the function of the female gametophyte in angiosperms?
(Analysis based)
3. Vallisneria is a submerged aquatic plant. Why is having unisexual flowers considered an evolutionary
advantage in such habitat? (Evaluation based)
4. Recall a plant that exhibits polyembryony. (Knowlegde based)
5. Identify the role of tapetum in microsporangium? (Understanding based)
3
