NUR 641E Final Exam with
questions and well verified
answers actual exam!!!
2026
Pharmacokinetics involves - ANSWER -a: Absorption: absorption from the
administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and
intracellular fluid.
c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues.
d: Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is - ANSWER -Intravenous,
putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Intravenous route avoids - ANSWER -First-pass metabolism in the liver
Rectal administration has - ANSWER -variable and erratic absorption
Steady State (SS) is usually reached within - ANSWER -4-5 half-lives of a drug
,Half-life of a drug is - ANSWER -How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the
body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER -The metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER -A drug is metabolized at a
constant rate per unit time
CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if - ANSWER -Any CYP3A4
inducer drugs are used along with it
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA - ANSWER -a:
Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics (Phase
1)
d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a population for which
the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept medications or placebo for
efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase 4)
, Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Institute
for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO) - ANSWER -a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC
MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) - ANSWER -Pharmacological and
Idiosyncratic
Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological - ANSWER -85%-90%
Adverse drug reactions are usually - ANSWER -Preventable, frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug effects, and
allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported - ANSWER -No, ADRs are not commonly
reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Polypharmacy - ANSWER -Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) - ANSWER -Lisinopril, Captopril,
Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
How ACEI reduce blood pressure - ANSWER -ACEI reduce blood pressure by suppressing
the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
questions and well verified
answers actual exam!!!
2026
Pharmacokinetics involves - ANSWER -a: Absorption: absorption from the
administration site either directly or indirectly into the blood/plasma.
b: Distribution: reversibly or irreversibly move from the bloodstream into the interstitial and
intracellular fluid.
c: Metabolism: biotransformed via hepatic metabolism or by other tissues.
d: Elimination: the drug and its metabolites are eliminated from the body
The route of administration with the highest bioavailability is - ANSWER -Intravenous,
putting an entire dose into a patient's vein and bypassing absorption
Intravenous route avoids - ANSWER -First-pass metabolism in the liver
Rectal administration has - ANSWER -variable and erratic absorption
Steady State (SS) is usually reached within - ANSWER -4-5 half-lives of a drug
,Half-life of a drug is - ANSWER -How long it takes for the drug to be excreted from the
body
- determines how frequently the drug must be administered
- predicts how long toxic effects can last
First-order (linear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER -The metabolism is directly
proportional to the free concentration of the drug
Zero-order (nonlinear) pharmacokinetics means - ANSWER -A drug is metabolized at a
constant rate per unit time
CYP3A4 substrate drugs may have a decreased activity if - ANSWER -Any CYP3A4
inducer drugs are used along with it
Drug development process involves these steps according to the FDA - ANSWER -a:
Discovery: laboratory research to develop the new drugs
b: Preclinical research with animal testing for safety
c: Clinical research on healthy human subjects to assess medication pharmacokinetics (Phase
1)
d: Clinical research in humans primarily for medication safety, usually in a population for which
the treatment is intended (Phase 2)
e: Clinical research in humans comparing the new drug to accept medications or placebo for
efficacy and safety (Phase 3)
f: FDA review of the results to determine approval
g: Post marketing study to identify adverse effects not found in earlier clinical studies (Phase 4)
, Medication safety organizations include the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the Institute
for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP), and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO) - ANSWER -a: The Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP)
b: The Institute of Medicine (IOM)
c: The Joint Commission
d: The National Coordinating Counsil for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCC
MERP)
e: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safe Use Initiative
Two basic types of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) - ANSWER -Pharmacological and
Idiosyncratic
Percent of adverse drug reactions that are pharmacological - ANSWER -85%-90%
Adverse drug reactions are usually - ANSWER -Preventable, frequently occur in a
hospital or nursing home setting, and include medication errors, adverse drug effects, and
allergic and idiosyncratic type reactions
Are adverse drug reactions commonly reported - ANSWER -No, ADRs are not commonly
reported, the FDA does not mandate that ADRs be reported
Polypharmacy - ANSWER -Involves using multiple health care providers for care, using
multiple medications, and using several pharmacies for prescription filling
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) - ANSWER -Lisinopril, Captopril,
Enalapril, Ramipril, Benazepril, Fosinopril
How ACEI reduce blood pressure - ANSWER -ACEI reduce blood pressure by suppressing
the release of angiotensin-converting enzyme
