Exam Questions and Answers
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Question:
An 18-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department with flu-like
symptoms. The infant is diagnosed with pneumonia secondary to aspiration of stomach
contents. The nurse explains to the parents that pneumonia is a condition that often
occurs secondary to
Answer:
gastroesophageal reflux disease. Explanation: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the
passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. These refluxed contents may be
aspirated into the lungs. The child with gastroesophageal reflux disease may present
with the physical findings of pneumonia or GER-induced asthma. GER may cause apnea
or an apparent life-threatening event in the younger infant. Pneumonia can occur in
children with cystic fibrosis, but the child would need to have the cystic fibrosis
diagnosis first. Hirschprung and inflammatory bowel diseases are diseases of the
gastrointestinal tract that do not have respiratory symptoms as part of the diseases.
Question:
A nurse taking a health history of a newborn notes that there is a maternal history of
polyhydramnios. What GI condition might this history precipitate?
Answer:
Esophageal atresia (EA) Explanation: A maternal history of polyhydramnios is usually
present in one-third of cases of EA and in some cases of tracheoesophageal fistula
(TEF).
, Question:
A physician recommends a gastrostomy for a 4-year-old client with an obstruction. The
parents ask the certified wound, ostomy, and continence nurse (CWOCN) what the
surgery entails. What is the nurse's best response?
Answer:
"The surgery creates an opening between the stomach and abdominal wall."
Explanation: Ostomies can be created at various sites in the GI tract, depending on the
child's clinical condition. A gastrostomy provides an opening between the stomach and
the abdominal wall, and an esophagostomy communicates between the esophagus and
an external site on the neck. Ostomies may be created at various sites in the small
intestine (e.g., jejunostomy, ileostomy) or in the large intestine (e.g., colostomy).
Question:
A neonatal nurse teaches students how to recognize gastrointestinal disorders in
infants. The nurse tells the students that failure of the newborn to pass meconium in
the first 24 hours after birth may indicate what disease?
Answer:
Hirschsprung disease Explanation: The nurse should suspect Hirschsprung disease
when the newborn does not pass meconium in the first 24 hours after birth, and has
bilious vomiting or abdominal distention and feeding intolerance with bilious aspirates
and vomiting. Typical signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis include diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, and abdominal pain. The characteristic GI manifestation of UC is bloody
diarrhea accompanied by crampy, typically left-sided lower abdominal pain. Clinical
manifestations of untreated SBS include profuse watery diarrhea, malabsorption, and
failure to thrive.
Question:
The nurse is discussing the treatment of congenital aganglionic megacolon with the
caregivers of a child diagnosed with this disorder. Which statement is the best
explanation of the treatment for this diagnosis?
Answer:
"The treatment for the disorder will be a surgical procedure." Explanation: Treatment of
congenital aganglionic megacolon involves surgery with the ultimate resection of the
aganglionic portion of the bowel. Chronic anemia may be present, but iron will not
correct the disorder. Enemas may be given to initially achieve bowel elimination, but
they will not treat the disorder. Differentiation must be made between this condition
and psychogenic megacolon because of coercive toileting or other emotional problems.
The child with aganglionic megacolon does not withhold stools or defecate in
inappropriate places, and no soiling occurs.
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
An 18-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department with flu-like
symptoms. The infant is diagnosed with pneumonia secondary to aspiration of stomach
contents. The nurse explains to the parents that pneumonia is a condition that often
occurs secondary to
Answer:
gastroesophageal reflux disease. Explanation: Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) is the
passage of gastric contents into the esophagus. These refluxed contents may be
aspirated into the lungs. The child with gastroesophageal reflux disease may present
with the physical findings of pneumonia or GER-induced asthma. GER may cause apnea
or an apparent life-threatening event in the younger infant. Pneumonia can occur in
children with cystic fibrosis, but the child would need to have the cystic fibrosis
diagnosis first. Hirschprung and inflammatory bowel diseases are diseases of the
gastrointestinal tract that do not have respiratory symptoms as part of the diseases.
Question:
A nurse taking a health history of a newborn notes that there is a maternal history of
polyhydramnios. What GI condition might this history precipitate?
Answer:
Esophageal atresia (EA) Explanation: A maternal history of polyhydramnios is usually
present in one-third of cases of EA and in some cases of tracheoesophageal fistula
(TEF).
, Question:
A physician recommends a gastrostomy for a 4-year-old client with an obstruction. The
parents ask the certified wound, ostomy, and continence nurse (CWOCN) what the
surgery entails. What is the nurse's best response?
Answer:
"The surgery creates an opening between the stomach and abdominal wall."
Explanation: Ostomies can be created at various sites in the GI tract, depending on the
child's clinical condition. A gastrostomy provides an opening between the stomach and
the abdominal wall, and an esophagostomy communicates between the esophagus and
an external site on the neck. Ostomies may be created at various sites in the small
intestine (e.g., jejunostomy, ileostomy) or in the large intestine (e.g., colostomy).
Question:
A neonatal nurse teaches students how to recognize gastrointestinal disorders in
infants. The nurse tells the students that failure of the newborn to pass meconium in
the first 24 hours after birth may indicate what disease?
Answer:
Hirschsprung disease Explanation: The nurse should suspect Hirschsprung disease
when the newborn does not pass meconium in the first 24 hours after birth, and has
bilious vomiting or abdominal distention and feeding intolerance with bilious aspirates
and vomiting. Typical signs and symptoms of gastroenteritis include diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, and abdominal pain. The characteristic GI manifestation of UC is bloody
diarrhea accompanied by crampy, typically left-sided lower abdominal pain. Clinical
manifestations of untreated SBS include profuse watery diarrhea, malabsorption, and
failure to thrive.
Question:
The nurse is discussing the treatment of congenital aganglionic megacolon with the
caregivers of a child diagnosed with this disorder. Which statement is the best
explanation of the treatment for this diagnosis?
Answer:
"The treatment for the disorder will be a surgical procedure." Explanation: Treatment of
congenital aganglionic megacolon involves surgery with the ultimate resection of the
aganglionic portion of the bowel. Chronic anemia may be present, but iron will not
correct the disorder. Enemas may be given to initially achieve bowel elimination, but
they will not treat the disorder. Differentiation must be made between this condition
and psychogenic megacolon because of coercive toileting or other emotional problems.
The child with aganglionic megacolon does not withhold stools or defecate in
inappropriate places, and no soiling occurs.
