Essentials OF Pediatric Nursing 4TH
Exam Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
A nurse is assessing a child with a tick-borne disease. What finding would indicate to
the nurse that the child has developed ehrlichiosis and not Rocky Mountain spotted
fever? Fever Absence of rash Malaise Headache.
Answer:
Absence of rash Both Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ehrlichiosis are manifested by
fever, headache, and malaise. However, there is rarely a rash with ehrlichiosis, which
helps to differentiate it from Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Question:
An adolescent girl and her caregiver present at the pediatrician's office. The adolescent
reports severe abdominal pain. A diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is
made. The nurse notes in the child's chart that this is the third time she has been
treated for PID. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate? Take the child to
a private room and interview her regarding her sexual history and partners. Contact
the necessary authorities to report a suspected case of sexual abuse. Take the
caregiver to a private room and tell her that the child's diagnosis can only come from
sexual activity. Talk to the child and caregiver together and explain that the condition
is often a result of a sexually transmitted infection and discuss the importance of safe
sex practices..
Answer:
Take the child to a private room and interview her regarding her sexual history and
partners. Adolescents must be made aware of the seriousness of PID, a common result
of a chlamydial infection. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause sterility in the female,
primarily by causing scarring in the fallopian tubes that prohibits the passage of the
fertilized ovum into the uterus. A tubal pregnancy may be the consequence of a
chlamydial infection. In the male, sterility may result from epididymitis caused by a
chlamydial infection. All sexual partners must be treated.
,Question:
The nurse is caring for an adolescent diagnosed with genital herpes. The drug of choice
for treating genital herpes is: Ceftriaxone Penicillin Griseofluvin Acyclovir.
Answer:
Acyclovir The drug acyclovir is useful in relieving or suppressing the symptoms of
genital herpes.
Question:
A child in the clinic has a fever and reports a sore neck. Upon assessment the nurse
finds a swollen parotid gland. The nurse suspects which infectious disease? Whooping
cough Measles Scabies Mumps.
Answer:
Mumps Mumps is an infectious disease with a primary symptom of a swollen parotid
gland. It is a contagious disease spread by droplets. The child is contagious 1 to 7 days
prior to the onset of the swelling and 4 to 9 days after the onset of the swelling.
Pertussis is a respiratory disorder which causes severe paroxysmal coughing which
produces a whooping sound. Measles is recognized by Koplick spots in the mouth and
the classic maculopapular rash that starts on the head and spreads downward. Scabies
is a skin condition where lice lay eggs under the skin. The rash is very puritic and is
seen on the hands, feet, and folds of the skin.
Question:
A nursing instructor is teaching the students about the standard and
transmission-based precautions. What type of precautions require placing a client in an
isolated room with limited access, wearing gloves during contact with the client and all
body fluids or contaminated items, wearing two layers of protective clothing, and
avoiding sharing equipment between clients? Contact precautions Airborne precautions
Standard precautions Droplet precautions.
Answer:
Contact precautions Contact precautions means placing the client in an isolation room
with limited access, wearing gloves during contact with the client and all body fluids,
wearing two layers of protective clothing, limiting movement of the client from the
room, and avoiding sharing equipment between clients. Standard precautions are used
with every client. They involve good handwashing and the use of gloves for client
contact. Airborne precautions are used for diseases where small particles are dispersed
in the air. They require the client in a negative pressure room and, in addition to
standard personal protective equipment, the mask should be N95 or higher. Varicella
would need airborne precautions. Droplet precautions are used for diseases such as
pertusis which produce large droplets. They require standard precautions plus a
, surgical mask, preferably with a face shield.
Question:
A 5-year-old girl catches the flu from a friend at day care after the friend sneezed and
wiped mucus on a toy that the girl played then with. In this case, what is the portal of
exit in the chain of infection? Toy Upper respiratory excretion The 5-year-old girl The
friend.
Answer:
Upper respiratory excretion The portal of exit is the route by which an organism leaves
an infected child's body to be spread to others. Organism can be carried out of the
body by upper respiratory excretions, feces, vomitus, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions,
blood, or lesion secretions. The friend would be the reservoir, which is the container or
place in which an organism grows and reproduces. The toy would be the means of
transmission. The 5- year-old girl would be the susceptible host.
Question:
The nurse is discussing fever with the parents of a child who is in the emergency
department with a temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit. Which statement by a
parent indicates an understanding about fevers and their management in the ill child?
"Fevers can be beneficial because they can slow down the growth of the bacteria or
virus that may be causing the infection." "We've had to wake him up in the night to
give him more medicine to reduce his temperature." "My wife and I have been using
cold water and washcloths on him because of the fever." "We've been giving him a
little extra acetaminophen to help bring his fever down.".
Answer:
"Fevers can be beneficial because they can slow down the growth of the bacteria or
virus that may be causing the infection." Fevers can be protective and can help the
body fight the infection. Fevers slow down bacterial or viral growth. Mismanaging
fevers include inappropriate dosing of antipyretics, awakening a child at night to
administer antipyretics, and using cold water or sponging the child with alcohol to
reduce the temperature.
Question:
Which child will the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for developing a
hospital-acquired infection (HAI)? a 1-year-old receiving oral amoxicillin for otitis media
a 2-year-old child with HIV being discharged later today an 18-month-old child
receiving chemotherapy over 5 days a 3-year-old child with malnutrition and poor
weight gain.
Answer:
Exam Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
A nurse is assessing a child with a tick-borne disease. What finding would indicate to
the nurse that the child has developed ehrlichiosis and not Rocky Mountain spotted
fever? Fever Absence of rash Malaise Headache.
Answer:
Absence of rash Both Rocky Mountain spotted fever and ehrlichiosis are manifested by
fever, headache, and malaise. However, there is rarely a rash with ehrlichiosis, which
helps to differentiate it from Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
Question:
An adolescent girl and her caregiver present at the pediatrician's office. The adolescent
reports severe abdominal pain. A diagnosis of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is
made. The nurse notes in the child's chart that this is the third time she has been
treated for PID. Which action by the nurse would be most appropriate? Take the child to
a private room and interview her regarding her sexual history and partners. Contact
the necessary authorities to report a suspected case of sexual abuse. Take the
caregiver to a private room and tell her that the child's diagnosis can only come from
sexual activity. Talk to the child and caregiver together and explain that the condition
is often a result of a sexually transmitted infection and discuss the importance of safe
sex practices..
Answer:
Take the child to a private room and interview her regarding her sexual history and
partners. Adolescents must be made aware of the seriousness of PID, a common result
of a chlamydial infection. Pelvic inflammatory disease can cause sterility in the female,
primarily by causing scarring in the fallopian tubes that prohibits the passage of the
fertilized ovum into the uterus. A tubal pregnancy may be the consequence of a
chlamydial infection. In the male, sterility may result from epididymitis caused by a
chlamydial infection. All sexual partners must be treated.
,Question:
The nurse is caring for an adolescent diagnosed with genital herpes. The drug of choice
for treating genital herpes is: Ceftriaxone Penicillin Griseofluvin Acyclovir.
Answer:
Acyclovir The drug acyclovir is useful in relieving or suppressing the symptoms of
genital herpes.
Question:
A child in the clinic has a fever and reports a sore neck. Upon assessment the nurse
finds a swollen parotid gland. The nurse suspects which infectious disease? Whooping
cough Measles Scabies Mumps.
Answer:
Mumps Mumps is an infectious disease with a primary symptom of a swollen parotid
gland. It is a contagious disease spread by droplets. The child is contagious 1 to 7 days
prior to the onset of the swelling and 4 to 9 days after the onset of the swelling.
Pertussis is a respiratory disorder which causes severe paroxysmal coughing which
produces a whooping sound. Measles is recognized by Koplick spots in the mouth and
the classic maculopapular rash that starts on the head and spreads downward. Scabies
is a skin condition where lice lay eggs under the skin. The rash is very puritic and is
seen on the hands, feet, and folds of the skin.
Question:
A nursing instructor is teaching the students about the standard and
transmission-based precautions. What type of precautions require placing a client in an
isolated room with limited access, wearing gloves during contact with the client and all
body fluids or contaminated items, wearing two layers of protective clothing, and
avoiding sharing equipment between clients? Contact precautions Airborne precautions
Standard precautions Droplet precautions.
Answer:
Contact precautions Contact precautions means placing the client in an isolation room
with limited access, wearing gloves during contact with the client and all body fluids,
wearing two layers of protective clothing, limiting movement of the client from the
room, and avoiding sharing equipment between clients. Standard precautions are used
with every client. They involve good handwashing and the use of gloves for client
contact. Airborne precautions are used for diseases where small particles are dispersed
in the air. They require the client in a negative pressure room and, in addition to
standard personal protective equipment, the mask should be N95 or higher. Varicella
would need airborne precautions. Droplet precautions are used for diseases such as
pertusis which produce large droplets. They require standard precautions plus a
, surgical mask, preferably with a face shield.
Question:
A 5-year-old girl catches the flu from a friend at day care after the friend sneezed and
wiped mucus on a toy that the girl played then with. In this case, what is the portal of
exit in the chain of infection? Toy Upper respiratory excretion The 5-year-old girl The
friend.
Answer:
Upper respiratory excretion The portal of exit is the route by which an organism leaves
an infected child's body to be spread to others. Organism can be carried out of the
body by upper respiratory excretions, feces, vomitus, saliva, urine, vaginal secretions,
blood, or lesion secretions. The friend would be the reservoir, which is the container or
place in which an organism grows and reproduces. The toy would be the means of
transmission. The 5- year-old girl would be the susceptible host.
Question:
The nurse is discussing fever with the parents of a child who is in the emergency
department with a temperature of 101 degrees Fahrenheit. Which statement by a
parent indicates an understanding about fevers and their management in the ill child?
"Fevers can be beneficial because they can slow down the growth of the bacteria or
virus that may be causing the infection." "We've had to wake him up in the night to
give him more medicine to reduce his temperature." "My wife and I have been using
cold water and washcloths on him because of the fever." "We've been giving him a
little extra acetaminophen to help bring his fever down.".
Answer:
"Fevers can be beneficial because they can slow down the growth of the bacteria or
virus that may be causing the infection." Fevers can be protective and can help the
body fight the infection. Fevers slow down bacterial or viral growth. Mismanaging
fevers include inappropriate dosing of antipyretics, awakening a child at night to
administer antipyretics, and using cold water or sponging the child with alcohol to
reduce the temperature.
Question:
Which child will the nurse identify as being at greatest risk for developing a
hospital-acquired infection (HAI)? a 1-year-old receiving oral amoxicillin for otitis media
a 2-year-old child with HIV being discharged later today an 18-month-old child
receiving chemotherapy over 5 days a 3-year-old child with malnutrition and poor
weight gain.
Answer:
