SHS 485 EXAMS TEST PAPER ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The following two SUBCORTICAL NUCLEI are critical to speech, language and
cognition. Select all answers that apply.
-- Basal ganglia
-- Midbrain
-- Diencephalon
-- Thalamus - ✔✔-- Basal ganglia: This group of nuclei are critical to regulating
voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, and motor control.
-- Thalamus: This sensory-motor relay station is critical to communication between the
body and the brain.
✔✔Cause of ischemic stroke - ✔✔a blockage of blood flow in an artery
✔✔Cause of hemorrhagic stroke - ✔✔rupture of an artery
✔✔Functional MRI (fMRI) - ✔✔Measures brain activity during tasks
✔✔Direct Cortical Stimulation - ✔✔Maps cortical functions before surgery
✔✔Wada Procedure - ✔✔Temporarily puts one hemisphere to sleep
✔✔Tumor resection can only remove tumor tissue and does not affect healthy brain
tissue. - ✔✔False; Tumor resection may involve the removal of some healthy tissue,
which can lead to long-lasting deficits.
✔✔What is the primary difference between an ischemic stroke and a hemorrhagic
stroke? - ✔✔Ischemic strokes are caused by a blockage of blood flow, while
hemorrhagic strokes are caused by a rupture of an artery.
, ✔✔Why are strokes a major focus when discussing the etiologies of aphasia? -
✔✔Strokes are a major focus because they cause language impairments in 60% of
non-comatose survivors and are the leading cause of long-term disability.
✔✔What is the purpose of direct cortical stimulation in neurosurgery? - ✔✔To map the
functions of cortical regions and avoid critical areas during surgery.
✔✔What is the primary use of the Wada procedure in neurological assessment? -
✔✔To assess the function of one hemisphere by temporarily putting the other to sleep.
✔✔How does functional MRI (fMRI) differ from other imaging techniques, like structural
MRI, in investigating brain activity? - ✔✔fMRI tracks changes in blood flow during tasks,
indicating brain activity, while structural MRI focuses on detailed images of brain
anatomy.
✔✔Facial expression is a type of language - ✔✔False; Facial expressions lack syntax,
morphology, and phonology and are not a type of language even though they do
communicate something!
✔✔Phonology - ✔✔Rules governing the sounds of speech
✔✔Lexicon - ✔✔Mental dictionary of words and their meanings
✔✔Syntax - ✔✔Rules for combining words into sentences
✔✔Morphology - ✔✔Rules for word formation and structure
✔✔Describe the relationship between language and cognition. - ✔✔Language is
separate from cognition, as thoughts can be expressed in multiple ways, and not all
thoughts require language.
✔✔An example that illustrates a phonological rule? - ✔✔S sounds like /s/ in cats and
like /z/ in dogs
✔✔An example that illustrates a morphological rule? - ✔✔Regular past tense: adding -
ed to make something past tense
✔✔An example that follows syntactic rules - ✔✔The cat that saw the mouse ate the rat.
✔✔What is the difference between mental lexicon and mental grammar? - ✔✔The
mental lexicon stores words and their meanings, while mental grammar includes rules
for combining sounds, morphemes, and sentences.
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The following two SUBCORTICAL NUCLEI are critical to speech, language and
cognition. Select all answers that apply.
-- Basal ganglia
-- Midbrain
-- Diencephalon
-- Thalamus - ✔✔-- Basal ganglia: This group of nuclei are critical to regulating
voluntary motor movements, procedural learning, and motor control.
-- Thalamus: This sensory-motor relay station is critical to communication between the
body and the brain.
✔✔Cause of ischemic stroke - ✔✔a blockage of blood flow in an artery
✔✔Cause of hemorrhagic stroke - ✔✔rupture of an artery
✔✔Functional MRI (fMRI) - ✔✔Measures brain activity during tasks
✔✔Direct Cortical Stimulation - ✔✔Maps cortical functions before surgery
✔✔Wada Procedure - ✔✔Temporarily puts one hemisphere to sleep
✔✔Tumor resection can only remove tumor tissue and does not affect healthy brain
tissue. - ✔✔False; Tumor resection may involve the removal of some healthy tissue,
which can lead to long-lasting deficits.
✔✔What is the primary difference between an ischemic stroke and a hemorrhagic
stroke? - ✔✔Ischemic strokes are caused by a blockage of blood flow, while
hemorrhagic strokes are caused by a rupture of an artery.
, ✔✔Why are strokes a major focus when discussing the etiologies of aphasia? -
✔✔Strokes are a major focus because they cause language impairments in 60% of
non-comatose survivors and are the leading cause of long-term disability.
✔✔What is the purpose of direct cortical stimulation in neurosurgery? - ✔✔To map the
functions of cortical regions and avoid critical areas during surgery.
✔✔What is the primary use of the Wada procedure in neurological assessment? -
✔✔To assess the function of one hemisphere by temporarily putting the other to sleep.
✔✔How does functional MRI (fMRI) differ from other imaging techniques, like structural
MRI, in investigating brain activity? - ✔✔fMRI tracks changes in blood flow during tasks,
indicating brain activity, while structural MRI focuses on detailed images of brain
anatomy.
✔✔Facial expression is a type of language - ✔✔False; Facial expressions lack syntax,
morphology, and phonology and are not a type of language even though they do
communicate something!
✔✔Phonology - ✔✔Rules governing the sounds of speech
✔✔Lexicon - ✔✔Mental dictionary of words and their meanings
✔✔Syntax - ✔✔Rules for combining words into sentences
✔✔Morphology - ✔✔Rules for word formation and structure
✔✔Describe the relationship between language and cognition. - ✔✔Language is
separate from cognition, as thoughts can be expressed in multiple ways, and not all
thoughts require language.
✔✔An example that illustrates a phonological rule? - ✔✔S sounds like /s/ in cats and
like /z/ in dogs
✔✔An example that illustrates a morphological rule? - ✔✔Regular past tense: adding -
ed to make something past tense
✔✔An example that follows syntactic rules - ✔✔The cat that saw the mouse ate the rat.
✔✔What is the difference between mental lexicon and mental grammar? - ✔✔The
mental lexicon stores words and their meanings, while mental grammar includes rules
for combining sounds, morphemes, and sentences.
