SHS 485 ACTUAL FINALS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Localization - ✔✔Franz Joseph Gall (1810) - he found that different parts of the
brain have different function, specifically two language "organs"
✔✔Phrenology - ✔✔the study of the bumps on the skull, idea that if different parts of
your brain have different functions, then parts of your brain will create a bump on the
head
✔✔Flourens - ✔✔he said that the cortex cannot be divided into functional units
- he methodically lesioned parts of animal's brains and found that there was no effect to
the animal in terms of effect
- however, he used crude methods on simple animals, making it hard to see effect of
lesions
✔✔Bouillard - ✔✔said that you need the frontal lobe for speech
- articulatory and amnesic
✔✔Andral - ✔✔said that speech is not a function of the frontal lobe
✔✔Broca - ✔✔"Tan Tan" patient
- he did an autopsy immediately after death and found a large lesion on the frontal lobe
in the left hemisphere
- showed that language is localizable in cortex
✔✔Wernicke - ✔✔- dynamic cortical networks
- first functional anatomic model of language and brain
- presented conduction aphasia
- House model!
✔✔production of Broca's aphasia - ✔✔disfluent
, ✔✔comprehension of Broca's aphasia - ✔✔good
✔✔repetition of Broca's aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔Production of Wernicke's Aphasia - ✔✔fluent, but disordered
✔✔comprehension of Wernicke's aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔repetition of Wernicke's aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔production of conduction aphasia - ✔✔fluent but disordered
✔✔comprehension of Conduction aphasia - ✔✔good
✔✔repetition of conduction aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔Problems with the classical model - ✔✔- anomia
- agrammatism
- comprehension deficits (Broca's and conduction)
- non-parallel production in
conduction vs. wernicke's aphasia
- conduction aphasia is not a disconnection syndrome
✔✔Anomia - ✔✔- naming difficulty, word retrieval problems
- present in every aphasia
✔✔Agrammatism - ✔✔syntactic impairments in speech and sometimes comprehension;
lack of grammar knowledge (doesn't map unto the house model)
✔✔Paragrammatism - ✔✔incoherent, running speech
(Basically Wernicke symptoms)
✔✔Phonemic paraphasia - ✔✔literal paraphasia
- a phoneme based error
- phonological mistakes
Ex) strool --> stool
✔✔neologism - ✔✔related to phonemic paraphasia: when a word is grossly distorted
✔✔Semantic paraphasia - ✔✔verbal paraphasia
- incorrect word selection
- using words that are semantically related but not the correct word
Ex) "mother" instead of "wife"
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Localization - ✔✔Franz Joseph Gall (1810) - he found that different parts of the
brain have different function, specifically two language "organs"
✔✔Phrenology - ✔✔the study of the bumps on the skull, idea that if different parts of
your brain have different functions, then parts of your brain will create a bump on the
head
✔✔Flourens - ✔✔he said that the cortex cannot be divided into functional units
- he methodically lesioned parts of animal's brains and found that there was no effect to
the animal in terms of effect
- however, he used crude methods on simple animals, making it hard to see effect of
lesions
✔✔Bouillard - ✔✔said that you need the frontal lobe for speech
- articulatory and amnesic
✔✔Andral - ✔✔said that speech is not a function of the frontal lobe
✔✔Broca - ✔✔"Tan Tan" patient
- he did an autopsy immediately after death and found a large lesion on the frontal lobe
in the left hemisphere
- showed that language is localizable in cortex
✔✔Wernicke - ✔✔- dynamic cortical networks
- first functional anatomic model of language and brain
- presented conduction aphasia
- House model!
✔✔production of Broca's aphasia - ✔✔disfluent
, ✔✔comprehension of Broca's aphasia - ✔✔good
✔✔repetition of Broca's aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔Production of Wernicke's Aphasia - ✔✔fluent, but disordered
✔✔comprehension of Wernicke's aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔repetition of Wernicke's aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔production of conduction aphasia - ✔✔fluent but disordered
✔✔comprehension of Conduction aphasia - ✔✔good
✔✔repetition of conduction aphasia - ✔✔poor
✔✔Problems with the classical model - ✔✔- anomia
- agrammatism
- comprehension deficits (Broca's and conduction)
- non-parallel production in
conduction vs. wernicke's aphasia
- conduction aphasia is not a disconnection syndrome
✔✔Anomia - ✔✔- naming difficulty, word retrieval problems
- present in every aphasia
✔✔Agrammatism - ✔✔syntactic impairments in speech and sometimes comprehension;
lack of grammar knowledge (doesn't map unto the house model)
✔✔Paragrammatism - ✔✔incoherent, running speech
(Basically Wernicke symptoms)
✔✔Phonemic paraphasia - ✔✔literal paraphasia
- a phoneme based error
- phonological mistakes
Ex) strool --> stool
✔✔neologism - ✔✔related to phonemic paraphasia: when a word is grossly distorted
✔✔Semantic paraphasia - ✔✔verbal paraphasia
- incorrect word selection
- using words that are semantically related but not the correct word
Ex) "mother" instead of "wife"
