TCRN STUDY MATERIAL 2026 CORE
TOPICS BREAKDOWN WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTION GUIDE
◉ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Answer: Inflammatory response causing
Progressive alveolitis and fibrosis leading to
Respiratory infections resulting in
Stiff, non-compliant lungs with high pressures on the ventilator
◉ P:F ratio
Answer: Indirect measurement of the degree of oxygenation across
the alveolar membrane
P:F ratio = Oxygen in the blood (PaO2) /
Oxygen delivered (FiO2)
Healthy Adult = 400
Mild ARDS = 200-300
Moderate ARDS = 100-200
Severe ARDS = Less then 100
◉ Treatment of ARDS
,Answer: Euvolemia
Lower Tidal Volume
Elevated PEEP
Prone Positioning
ECMO
◉ Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
Answer: System that circulates the blood through an oxygenation
system, to allow for the heart and lungs to recover
◉ Ruptured Diaphragm
Answer: Symptoms:
Heart sounds shift to the right side
Pain to LEFT shoulder
Signs of obstructive shock
Dysphagia
Dyspnea
Confirmed by laparotomy
Treatment: Surgery
◉ Seatbelt Sign
Answer: Bruising along the lower abdomen
, Concern for small bowl injury and fractures of the lumbar spine
◉ Steps for Abdominal Assessment
Answer: Visualization
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
◉ Tympany vs Dullness
Answer: Tympany - Hyperresonance, Air, Hollow organs
Dullness - Hyporesonance, Fluid, Solid organs
◉ Narrowed vs Widened Pulse Pressure
Answer: Narrowed - Concerned for bleeding
Widened - Concerned for head injuries
◉ Rebound Tenderness
Answer: Pain that increases when pressure is removed due to
irritation caused by presence of blood, enzymes, and bacterial
contaminants
◉ Hollow Organs
TOPICS BREAKDOWN WITH ACCURATE
SOLUTION GUIDE
◉ Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Answer: Inflammatory response causing
Progressive alveolitis and fibrosis leading to
Respiratory infections resulting in
Stiff, non-compliant lungs with high pressures on the ventilator
◉ P:F ratio
Answer: Indirect measurement of the degree of oxygenation across
the alveolar membrane
P:F ratio = Oxygen in the blood (PaO2) /
Oxygen delivered (FiO2)
Healthy Adult = 400
Mild ARDS = 200-300
Moderate ARDS = 100-200
Severe ARDS = Less then 100
◉ Treatment of ARDS
,Answer: Euvolemia
Lower Tidal Volume
Elevated PEEP
Prone Positioning
ECMO
◉ Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
Answer: System that circulates the blood through an oxygenation
system, to allow for the heart and lungs to recover
◉ Ruptured Diaphragm
Answer: Symptoms:
Heart sounds shift to the right side
Pain to LEFT shoulder
Signs of obstructive shock
Dysphagia
Dyspnea
Confirmed by laparotomy
Treatment: Surgery
◉ Seatbelt Sign
Answer: Bruising along the lower abdomen
, Concern for small bowl injury and fractures of the lumbar spine
◉ Steps for Abdominal Assessment
Answer: Visualization
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
◉ Tympany vs Dullness
Answer: Tympany - Hyperresonance, Air, Hollow organs
Dullness - Hyporesonance, Fluid, Solid organs
◉ Narrowed vs Widened Pulse Pressure
Answer: Narrowed - Concerned for bleeding
Widened - Concerned for head injuries
◉ Rebound Tenderness
Answer: Pain that increases when pressure is removed due to
irritation caused by presence of blood, enzymes, and bacterial
contaminants
◉ Hollow Organs
