,Chapter 1: The History of Health Care in Canada
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MULTIPLE CHOICE n!
1. When and where was Canada’s first medical school established?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Saskatoon, in 1868 n! n!
b. Ottawa, in 1867 n! n!
c. Montreal, in 1825 n! n!
d. Kingston, in 1855 n! n!
ANS: C n !
Feedback
A The first medical school was not established in Saskatoon in 1868.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B The first medical school was not established in Ottawa in 1867.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The first medical school in Canada was established in 1825 in Montreal.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
D The first medical school was not established in Kingston in 1855.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 4 n!
2. In 1834, William Kelly deduced which public health principle?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Vaccination can successfully eradicate smallpox. n! n! n! n!
b. Education is directly related to health. n! n! n! n! n!
c. Quarantine effectively contains infections. n! n! n!
d. Sanitation and disease are related. n! n! n! n!
ANS: D n !
Feedback
A William Kelly did not deduce that smallpox could be eliminated with a vaccine.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B William Kelly did not deduce that education level was related to health.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C William Kelly did not introduce quarantine to contain disease.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
D William Kelly suspected a relationship between sanitation and disease and deduce
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d that water might be a source of contamination.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 5 n!
3. Which of the following volunteer organizations was involved in the evolution of health care in
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! Canada?
a. The Order of St. John
n! n! n! n!
b. The Veterans’ Society
n! n!
c. The St. Andrew’s Society
n! n! n!
d. The Canadian Nurses Association
n! n! n!
ANS: A n !
Feedback
A The Order of St. John was introduced in Canada in 1883; the members had knowl
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
edge of first aid, disaster relief, and home nursing.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
, B The Veterans’ Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Canad
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a.
C The St. Andrew’s Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Can
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
ada.
D The Canadian Nurses Association did not play a part in the early evolution of heal
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
th care in Canada.
n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 6 n!
4. What did the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957) propose?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Provinces without a health insurance plan must pay additional federal tax.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
b. Provinces and territories with a health insurance plan would receive substantial
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! funding from the federal government. n! n! n! n!
c. Certain services would no longer be funded by the federal government.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. Physicians would be allowed to charge a fee for service to the client.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
ANS: B n !
Feedback
A The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose an increase
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
in tax for provinces without a plan.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B Under the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957), provinces and
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
territories with a health insurance plan would have funding matched by the fed
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
eral government by 50 cents for every dollar.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose the remov
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
al of insured medical services.
n! n! n! n!
D The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not allow physicians to c
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
harge a fee for service. n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 13 n!
5. What major change in political thinking occurred in post–
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
World War II Canada in relation to health care?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Universities should educate more nurses. n! n! n! n!
b. The government should not be required to provide access to primary health care.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
c. Individual families should be responsible for absorbing the cost of health care.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. Governments should be responsible for providing basic services like health care. n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
ANS: D n !
Feedback
A The need to educate more nurses was not part of post–
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
World War II thinking in Canada. n! n! n! n! n!
B The lack of responsibility of the government to provide health care was not part
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
of post–World War II thinking in Canada.
n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The belief that families should bear the cost of health care was not part of the poli
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
tical thinking in post–World War II Canada.
n! n! n! n! n! n!
D In post– n!
World War II Canada, and in the aftermath of a depression, the thinking shifted
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
to the idea that governments had an obligation to provide Canadians with a bett
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
er standard of living, including access to quality health care.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis n! n! REF: n!n! p. 12 n!
6. What important act was passed by the government of Tommy Douglas in Saskatchewan in
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
1947?
n!
a. The Hospital Insurance Act
n! n! n!
b. The Medical Care Act n! n! n!
c. The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act
n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. The Canada Health Act n! n! n!
ANS: A n !
Feedback
A The Hospital Insurance Act was passed by the government of Saskatchewan, led
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
by Tommy Douglas, in 1947. It guaranteed Saskatchewan residents hospital car
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
e in exchange for a modest insurance premium payment.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B The Medical Care Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act was not passed in Saskatche
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
wan in 1947. n! n!
D The Canada Health Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 14 n!
7. What important recommendation was embodied in the Hall Report?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Individuals should take responsibility for some of their health care costs.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
b. Preventive health measures would be a wise investment. n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
c. Extra billing should not be part of Canada’s health care system.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. Provinces should retain full control as well as financial responsibility for health
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! care.
ANS: C n !
Feedback
A The Hall Report did not propose that individuals pay for some of their health ca
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
re costs. n!
B The Hall Report did not propose that preventive health measures would be a wi
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
se investment.
n!
C The Hall Report recommended an end to extra billing and suggested that, instea
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d, doctors be allowed to operate entirely outside of the Medical Care Act.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
D The Hall Report did not propose that provinces should retain all financial responsi
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
bility for health care. n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis n! n! REF: n!n! p. 17 n!
8. Why did the Established Programs Financing (EPF) mechanism of funding become
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! inadequate for health care? n! n! n!
a. The government imposed many corporate tax cuts.
n! n! n! n! n! n!
b. Health care spending increased dramatically, causing provincial and territorial
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n
overspending.
!
c. The cost of education took up more dollars than had been anticipated.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
MULTIPLE CHOICE n!
1. When and where was Canada’s first medical school established?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Saskatoon, in 1868 n! n!
b. Ottawa, in 1867 n! n!
c. Montreal, in 1825 n! n!
d. Kingston, in 1855 n! n!
ANS: C n !
Feedback
A The first medical school was not established in Saskatoon in 1868.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B The first medical school was not established in Ottawa in 1867.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The first medical school in Canada was established in 1825 in Montreal.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
D The first medical school was not established in Kingston in 1855.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 4 n!
2. In 1834, William Kelly deduced which public health principle?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Vaccination can successfully eradicate smallpox. n! n! n! n!
b. Education is directly related to health. n! n! n! n! n!
c. Quarantine effectively contains infections. n! n! n!
d. Sanitation and disease are related. n! n! n! n!
ANS: D n !
Feedback
A William Kelly did not deduce that smallpox could be eliminated with a vaccine.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B William Kelly did not deduce that education level was related to health.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C William Kelly did not introduce quarantine to contain disease.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
D William Kelly suspected a relationship between sanitation and disease and deduce
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d that water might be a source of contamination.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 5 n!
3. Which of the following volunteer organizations was involved in the evolution of health care in
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! Canada?
a. The Order of St. John
n! n! n! n!
b. The Veterans’ Society
n! n!
c. The St. Andrew’s Society
n! n! n!
d. The Canadian Nurses Association
n! n! n!
ANS: A n !
Feedback
A The Order of St. John was introduced in Canada in 1883; the members had knowl
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
edge of first aid, disaster relief, and home nursing.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
, B The Veterans’ Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Canad
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a.
C The St. Andrew’s Society did not play a part in the evolution of health care in Can
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
ada.
D The Canadian Nurses Association did not play a part in the early evolution of heal
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
th care in Canada.
n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 6 n!
4. What did the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957) propose?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Provinces without a health insurance plan must pay additional federal tax.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
b. Provinces and territories with a health insurance plan would receive substantial
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! funding from the federal government. n! n! n! n!
c. Certain services would no longer be funded by the federal government.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. Physicians would be allowed to charge a fee for service to the client.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
ANS: B n !
Feedback
A The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose an increase
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
in tax for provinces without a plan.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B Under the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act (1957), provinces and
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
territories with a health insurance plan would have funding matched by the fed
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
eral government by 50 cents for every dollar.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not propose the remov
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
al of insured medical services.
n! n! n! n!
D The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act did not allow physicians to c
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
harge a fee for service. n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 13 n!
5. What major change in political thinking occurred in post–
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
World War II Canada in relation to health care?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Universities should educate more nurses. n! n! n! n!
b. The government should not be required to provide access to primary health care.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
c. Individual families should be responsible for absorbing the cost of health care.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. Governments should be responsible for providing basic services like health care. n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
ANS: D n !
Feedback
A The need to educate more nurses was not part of post–
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
World War II thinking in Canada. n! n! n! n! n!
B The lack of responsibility of the government to provide health care was not part
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
of post–World War II thinking in Canada.
n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The belief that families should bear the cost of health care was not part of the poli
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
tical thinking in post–World War II Canada.
n! n! n! n! n! n!
D In post– n!
World War II Canada, and in the aftermath of a depression, the thinking shifted
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
to the idea that governments had an obligation to provide Canadians with a bett
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
er standard of living, including access to quality health care.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis n! n! REF: n!n! p. 12 n!
6. What important act was passed by the government of Tommy Douglas in Saskatchewan in
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
1947?
n!
a. The Hospital Insurance Act
n! n! n!
b. The Medical Care Act n! n! n!
c. The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act
n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. The Canada Health Act n! n! n!
ANS: A n !
Feedback
A The Hospital Insurance Act was passed by the government of Saskatchewan, led
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
by Tommy Douglas, in 1947. It guaranteed Saskatchewan residents hospital car
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
e in exchange for a modest insurance premium payment.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
B The Medical Care Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
C The Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act was not passed in Saskatche
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
wan in 1947. n! n!
D The Canada Health Act was not passed in Saskatchewan in 1947.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge n! n! REF: n!n! p. 14 n!
7. What important recommendation was embodied in the Hall Report?
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
a. Individuals should take responsibility for some of their health care costs.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
b. Preventive health measures would be a wise investment. n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
c. Extra billing should not be part of Canada’s health care system.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d. Provinces should retain full control as well as financial responsibility for health
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! care.
ANS: C n !
Feedback
A The Hall Report did not propose that individuals pay for some of their health ca
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
re costs. n!
B The Hall Report did not propose that preventive health measures would be a wi
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
se investment.
n!
C The Hall Report recommended an end to extra billing and suggested that, instea
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
d, doctors be allowed to operate entirely outside of the Medical Care Act.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
D The Hall Report did not propose that provinces should retain all financial responsi
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
bility for health care. n! n! n!
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analysis n! n! REF: n!n! p. 17 n!
8. Why did the Established Programs Financing (EPF) mechanism of funding become
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
n! inadequate for health care? n! n! n!
a. The government imposed many corporate tax cuts.
n! n! n! n! n! n!
b. Health care spending increased dramatically, causing provincial and territorial
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n
overspending.
!
c. The cost of education took up more dollars than had been anticipated.
n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n! n!
