ASU BIO 201 Exam 4 | Biology Practice Questions & Answers
Oculomotor Nerve - Cranial Nerve: III
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Eye movement, Opening of eyelid, and pupil constriction
- Damaged: drooping eyelid, dilated pupil, inability to move eye in some
directions
Trochlear Nerve - Cranial Nerve: IV
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Eye Movement (superior oblique muscle)
- Damaged: weakened ability to look downward
Trigeminal Nerve - Cranial Nerve: V
- Composition: Two sensory divisions (Ophthalamic and Maxillary)
- Function: Sensory - face; motor - muscles of mastication
- Damaged: loss of facial sensation; impaired chewing
Abducens Nerve - Cranial Nerve: VI
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Lateral movement of eye
- Damaged: inability to turn eye laterally
Facial Nerve - Cranial Nerve: VII
- Composition: Mixed
- Function: Sensory - taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue; Motor - various
facial/neck muscles and glands
- Damaged: Inability to control facial muscles, impaired sense of taste
, ASU BIO 201 Exam 4 | Biology Practice Questions & Answers
Vestibulocochlear Nerve - Cranial Nerve: VIII
- Composition: Sensory
- Function: Hearing and balance
- Damaged: Deafness and impaired balance
Glossopharyngeal Nerve - Cranial Nerve: IX
- Composition: Mixed
- Function: Sensory - taste, touch, pressure, pain, and temperature on posterior
1/3 of tongue; Motor - salivation, swallowing, and gagging
- Damaged: Loss of taste, impaired swallowing
Vagus Nerve - Cranial Nerve: X
- Composition: Mixed
- Function: Sensory - taste, hunger, and fullness; Motor - swallowing, speech,
and regulation of heart and GI tract
- Damaged: Impaired swallowing and GI motility; fatal if both Vagus nerves are
damaged
Accessory Nerve - Cranial Nerve: XI
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Swallowing; head, neck, and shoulder movements
- Damaged: Impaired movement of head, neck and shoulders
Hypoglossal Nerve - Cranial Nerve: XII
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Tongue movements for speech, food manipulation, and swallowing
- Damaged: Impaired tongue movements for speech and swallowing
, ASU BIO 201 Exam 4 | Biology Practice Questions & Answers
Longitudinal Fissure Separates 2 cerebral hemispheres.
Central Sulcus Separates parietal and frontal lobes.
Gyri Thick folds (hills) of the brain.
Sulci Shallow grooves (valleys) of the brain.
Corpus Callosum - Thick nerve bundle at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure that connects
hemispheres.
- Considered part of the cerebrum.
- Allows for communication between the hemispheres.
Gray Matter - Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.
- Forms cortex over cerebrum and cerebellum.
- Forms nuclei deep within the brain.
White Matter - Bundles of Axons
- Forms tracts that connect parts of brain.
Dura Mater (Meninges) - Outermost, tough membrane
- Outer periosteal layer against bone
- Inner meningeal layer
- Subdural Space
- Where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinuses drain
blood from brain.
- Supportive structures formed by dura mater
- Falx cerebri, falx Cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli
Arachnoid Mater (Meninges) Spider web filamentous layer.
Pia Mater (Meninges) Thin, vascular layer adherent to the contours of the brain.
Meningitis Inflammation of the Meninges
- Bacterial and virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose and throat.
- Signs include high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headache and
may progress to coma
- Diagnose by examining the CSF
- Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)
Oculomotor Nerve - Cranial Nerve: III
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Eye movement, Opening of eyelid, and pupil constriction
- Damaged: drooping eyelid, dilated pupil, inability to move eye in some
directions
Trochlear Nerve - Cranial Nerve: IV
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Eye Movement (superior oblique muscle)
- Damaged: weakened ability to look downward
Trigeminal Nerve - Cranial Nerve: V
- Composition: Two sensory divisions (Ophthalamic and Maxillary)
- Function: Sensory - face; motor - muscles of mastication
- Damaged: loss of facial sensation; impaired chewing
Abducens Nerve - Cranial Nerve: VI
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Lateral movement of eye
- Damaged: inability to turn eye laterally
Facial Nerve - Cranial Nerve: VII
- Composition: Mixed
- Function: Sensory - taste on anterior 2/3 of tongue; Motor - various
facial/neck muscles and glands
- Damaged: Inability to control facial muscles, impaired sense of taste
, ASU BIO 201 Exam 4 | Biology Practice Questions & Answers
Vestibulocochlear Nerve - Cranial Nerve: VIII
- Composition: Sensory
- Function: Hearing and balance
- Damaged: Deafness and impaired balance
Glossopharyngeal Nerve - Cranial Nerve: IX
- Composition: Mixed
- Function: Sensory - taste, touch, pressure, pain, and temperature on posterior
1/3 of tongue; Motor - salivation, swallowing, and gagging
- Damaged: Loss of taste, impaired swallowing
Vagus Nerve - Cranial Nerve: X
- Composition: Mixed
- Function: Sensory - taste, hunger, and fullness; Motor - swallowing, speech,
and regulation of heart and GI tract
- Damaged: Impaired swallowing and GI motility; fatal if both Vagus nerves are
damaged
Accessory Nerve - Cranial Nerve: XI
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Swallowing; head, neck, and shoulder movements
- Damaged: Impaired movement of head, neck and shoulders
Hypoglossal Nerve - Cranial Nerve: XII
- Composition: Motor
- Function: Tongue movements for speech, food manipulation, and swallowing
- Damaged: Impaired tongue movements for speech and swallowing
, ASU BIO 201 Exam 4 | Biology Practice Questions & Answers
Longitudinal Fissure Separates 2 cerebral hemispheres.
Central Sulcus Separates parietal and frontal lobes.
Gyri Thick folds (hills) of the brain.
Sulci Shallow grooves (valleys) of the brain.
Corpus Callosum - Thick nerve bundle at the bottom of the longitudinal fissure that connects
hemispheres.
- Considered part of the cerebrum.
- Allows for communication between the hemispheres.
Gray Matter - Neuron cell bodies, dendrites, and synapses.
- Forms cortex over cerebrum and cerebellum.
- Forms nuclei deep within the brain.
White Matter - Bundles of Axons
- Forms tracts that connect parts of brain.
Dura Mater (Meninges) - Outermost, tough membrane
- Outer periosteal layer against bone
- Inner meningeal layer
- Subdural Space
- Where separated from inner meningeal layer forms dural venous sinuses drain
blood from brain.
- Supportive structures formed by dura mater
- Falx cerebri, falx Cerebelli and tentorium cerebelli
Arachnoid Mater (Meninges) Spider web filamentous layer.
Pia Mater (Meninges) Thin, vascular layer adherent to the contours of the brain.
Meningitis Inflammation of the Meninges
- Bacterial and virus invasion of the CNS by way of the nose and throat.
- Signs include high fever, stiff neck, drowsiness, and intense headache and
may progress to coma
- Diagnose by examining the CSF
- Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap)
