GALEN PHARM EXAM 4 ACTUAL EXAM
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A PLUS
◉ Bacteria classification (Gram)
Answer: Bacteria can be classified as Gram-positive (usually
associated with infections in the respiratory tract and soft tissues)
or Gram-negative (usually associated with infections of the GI and
GU system).
◉ Bacteria classification (oxygen use)
Answer: Bacteria can also be classified as aerobic (depends on
oxygen for survival) or anaerobic (bacteria that do not use oxygen).
◉ Types of antibiotics
Answer: Antibiotics can be bactericidal (causes the death of bacteria
by interfering with the cell membrane) or bacteriostatic (prevents or
slows the replication of bacteria).
◉ Testing before antibiotics
,Answer: Culture and sensitivity testing should be done to facilitate
choosing the correct antibiotic and reducing the development of
resistant-strain bacteria.
◉ Superinfection definition
Answer: Superinfections can develop with antibiotic use when
opportunistic pathogens take advantage of destroyed normal flora.
◉ Nosocomial infections
Answer: Nosocomial infections are infections that originate or occur
in a hospital or hospital-like setting.
◉ Primary prevention
Answer: Hand hygiene is the #1 defense against nosocomial
infections.
◉ Monitoring infection
Answer: Monitor for decreased redness, swelling, pain, fever, and
drainage or worsening symptoms such as increased inflammation or
purulent discharge.
◉ Side effects to assess in children
Answer: Assess for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, and CNS
changes.
, ◉ Pediatric dosing
Answer: Antibiotic dosing is based on the child's weight.
◉ Antibiotic teaching for adults
Answer: Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections such as
the common cold.
◉ Completing therapy
Answer: Taking the full course prevents resistance and recurrence.
◉ UTI presentation in older adults
Answer: UTIs may present as confusion or altered mental status
without typical urinary symptoms.
◉ Resistance development
Answer: Bacteria can develop resistance.
◉ Saving antibiotics
Answer: Do not save antibiotics for future use.
◉ Viral infection care
PAPER 2026 QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
GRADED A PLUS
◉ Bacteria classification (Gram)
Answer: Bacteria can be classified as Gram-positive (usually
associated with infections in the respiratory tract and soft tissues)
or Gram-negative (usually associated with infections of the GI and
GU system).
◉ Bacteria classification (oxygen use)
Answer: Bacteria can also be classified as aerobic (depends on
oxygen for survival) or anaerobic (bacteria that do not use oxygen).
◉ Types of antibiotics
Answer: Antibiotics can be bactericidal (causes the death of bacteria
by interfering with the cell membrane) or bacteriostatic (prevents or
slows the replication of bacteria).
◉ Testing before antibiotics
,Answer: Culture and sensitivity testing should be done to facilitate
choosing the correct antibiotic and reducing the development of
resistant-strain bacteria.
◉ Superinfection definition
Answer: Superinfections can develop with antibiotic use when
opportunistic pathogens take advantage of destroyed normal flora.
◉ Nosocomial infections
Answer: Nosocomial infections are infections that originate or occur
in a hospital or hospital-like setting.
◉ Primary prevention
Answer: Hand hygiene is the #1 defense against nosocomial
infections.
◉ Monitoring infection
Answer: Monitor for decreased redness, swelling, pain, fever, and
drainage or worsening symptoms such as increased inflammation or
purulent discharge.
◉ Side effects to assess in children
Answer: Assess for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, irritability, and CNS
changes.
, ◉ Pediatric dosing
Answer: Antibiotic dosing is based on the child's weight.
◉ Antibiotic teaching for adults
Answer: Antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections such as
the common cold.
◉ Completing therapy
Answer: Taking the full course prevents resistance and recurrence.
◉ UTI presentation in older adults
Answer: UTIs may present as confusion or altered mental status
without typical urinary symptoms.
◉ Resistance development
Answer: Bacteria can develop resistance.
◉ Saving antibiotics
Answer: Do not save antibiotics for future use.
◉ Viral infection care
