Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates
- organic compounds consisting of C, H, and O atoms. (general formula Cn(H2O)n)
o Intermolecular reactions: condensation (because water is formed).
o Intermolecular: glycosidic bond.
• Classified by structure:
o Monosaccharides—simple sugars consisting of 1 monomer. (water-soluble, sweet)
Named according to the number of atoms in the molecule.
Pentose (5 atoms):
Ribose—found in RNA and ATP.
Diribose—found in DNA.
Ribulose—binds carbon atoms from CO₂ during
photosynthesis.
Hexose (6 atoms):
Glucose—the primary source of energy. (found in
animal blood, plant fruits, and honey)
Galactose (found in mammalian milk)
Fructose—very sweet (found only in fruits)
o Disaccharides—composed of 2 monosaccharides.
(water-soluble, sweet)
Maltose—the sugar found in malt, which is
produced during the germination of grains.
(glucose + glucose)
Lactose—milk sugar (glucose + galactose)
Sucrose—plant sugar, sugarcane sugar (glucose +
fructose)
• Carbohydrates
- organic compounds consisting of C, H, and O atoms. (general formula Cn(H2O)n)
o Intermolecular reactions: condensation (because water is formed).
o Intermolecular: glycosidic bond.
• Classified by structure:
o Monosaccharides—simple sugars consisting of 1 monomer. (water-soluble, sweet)
Named according to the number of atoms in the molecule.
Pentose (5 atoms):
Ribose—found in RNA and ATP.
Diribose—found in DNA.
Ribulose—binds carbon atoms from CO₂ during
photosynthesis.
Hexose (6 atoms):
Glucose—the primary source of energy. (found in
animal blood, plant fruits, and honey)
Galactose (found in mammalian milk)
Fructose—very sweet (found only in fruits)
o Disaccharides—composed of 2 monosaccharides.
(water-soluble, sweet)
Maltose—the sugar found in malt, which is
produced during the germination of grains.
(glucose + glucose)
Lactose—milk sugar (glucose + galactose)
Sucrose—plant sugar, sugarcane sugar (glucose +
fructose)
