NR 507 MIDTERM CERTIFICATION
EVALUATION COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
●● Which cells become sensitized in Type I hypersensitivity?
Answer: Mast cells and basophils
●● What mediators are released upon allergen exposure in Type I
hypersensitivity?
Answer: Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines
●● What are the major clinical manifestations of Type I
hypersensitivity?
Answer: Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production
●● Is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction immediate or delayed?
Answer: Immediate
●● What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity?
Answer: Immune attack on cells displaying altered self‑antigens
●● How are cells destroyed in Type II hypersensitivity?
,Answer: Through complement activation or antibody‑dependent cell
lysis
●● What determines symptoms in Type II hypersensitivity?
Answer: The tissue or organ where antigen is expressed
●● What precaution prevents transfusion reactions?
Answer: Blood typing and cross‑matching
●● What is formed in Type III hypersensitivity?
Answer: Antibody-antigen immune complexes
●● Where do these complexes deposit?
Answer: In vessel walls and tissues systemically
●● What immune component is activated afterward?
Answer: The complement system
●● What cells cause most tissue injury?
Answer: Neutrophils
●● Give examples of Type III disorders.
, Answer: SLE, serum sickness, Raynaud phenomenon
●● What mediates Type IV hypersensitivity?
Answer: T lymphocytes and macrophages
●● When do Type IV reactions appear?
Answer: 48-72 hours after exposure
●● What happens when T cells encounter antigen?
Answer: They migrate to the site and cause inflammation
●● What is a granuloma?
Answer: Cluster of immune cells that contain an antigen (Type IV
reaction)
●● Name autoimmune diseases with Type IV reactions.
Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes
●● What type of virus is HIV?
Answer: RNA retrovirus
●● What cells does HIV target?
EVALUATION COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS GRADED A PLUS
●● Which cells become sensitized in Type I hypersensitivity?
Answer: Mast cells and basophils
●● What mediators are released upon allergen exposure in Type I
hypersensitivity?
Answer: Histamine, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, cytokines
●● What are the major clinical manifestations of Type I
hypersensitivity?
Answer: Vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, increased mucus production
●● Is a Type I hypersensitivity reaction immediate or delayed?
Answer: Immediate
●● What characterizes Type II hypersensitivity?
Answer: Immune attack on cells displaying altered self‑antigens
●● How are cells destroyed in Type II hypersensitivity?
,Answer: Through complement activation or antibody‑dependent cell
lysis
●● What determines symptoms in Type II hypersensitivity?
Answer: The tissue or organ where antigen is expressed
●● What precaution prevents transfusion reactions?
Answer: Blood typing and cross‑matching
●● What is formed in Type III hypersensitivity?
Answer: Antibody-antigen immune complexes
●● Where do these complexes deposit?
Answer: In vessel walls and tissues systemically
●● What immune component is activated afterward?
Answer: The complement system
●● What cells cause most tissue injury?
Answer: Neutrophils
●● Give examples of Type III disorders.
, Answer: SLE, serum sickness, Raynaud phenomenon
●● What mediates Type IV hypersensitivity?
Answer: T lymphocytes and macrophages
●● When do Type IV reactions appear?
Answer: 48-72 hours after exposure
●● What happens when T cells encounter antigen?
Answer: They migrate to the site and cause inflammation
●● What is a granuloma?
Answer: Cluster of immune cells that contain an antigen (Type IV
reaction)
●● Name autoimmune diseases with Type IV reactions.
Answer: Rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes
●● What type of virus is HIV?
Answer: RNA retrovirus
●● What cells does HIV target?
