NR 507 MIDTERM PRACTICE SOLUTION
TESTED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWER
RESOURCE
●● Examples of primary immunodeficiency
Answer: -Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood
-DiGeorge Syndrome
-Familial Mediterranean fever
-Job Syndrome
-Common Variable Immunodeficiency
●● Secondary Immunodeficiency
Answer: -conditions where the immune system becomes compromised
because of a complication of some other physiological condition or
disease
-can be caused by cancer, effect from a drug (chemotherapeutic agents
that suppress immune system), and infections that compromise the
immune system
Ex: Patient with HIV gets pneumocystis carinii
●● What is is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies
worldwide?
,Answer: -malnutrition
●● Examples of secondary immunodeficiency
Answer: -Pneumocystis Carinii
-HIV
-PNA
-Sinus infection
-Lung cancer
●● Hypersensitivity Type I
Answer: - allergic reaction
-mediated by IgE
-mast cells are the primary effector cells involved
-inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
●● Hypersensitivity Type I symptoms
Answer: Local: itching, rash
Systemic: wheezing
●● Hypersensitivity Type I example
Answer: Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction -> systemic
response -> hypertension -> severe bronchoconstriction
,Treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
●● Hypersensitivity Type II
Answer: -cytotoxic reaction
-tissue/organ specific
-macrophages are primary effector cells involved
-can cause tissue damage or alter function
Mechanism: Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of:
1. Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement
2. Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis
3. Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction
4. Antibody-dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity
5. Antireceptor antibodies
●● Hypersensitivity Type II examples
Answer: 1. Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism): altering thyroid function,
but does not destroy thyroid tissue
2. Incompatible blood type (ABO incompatibility): cell/tissue damage
occurs
, -severe transfusion reaction -> transfused erythrocytes destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
3. Drug allergies
4. Hemolytic anemia
●● Graves disease
Answer: -Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for
TSH
●● ABO incompatibility
Answer: -Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse
●● Hypersensitivity Type III
Answer: -NOT organ specific
-antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood of body fluids -> complex is then deposited in
the tissues
-organ rejection involved cytotoxicity
-antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into cytotoxic
T-cells
-neutrophils are the primary effector cells
TESTED QUESTIONS COMPLETE ANSWER
RESOURCE
●● Examples of primary immunodeficiency
Answer: -Chronic Granulomatous Disease of Childhood
-DiGeorge Syndrome
-Familial Mediterranean fever
-Job Syndrome
-Common Variable Immunodeficiency
●● Secondary Immunodeficiency
Answer: -conditions where the immune system becomes compromised
because of a complication of some other physiological condition or
disease
-can be caused by cancer, effect from a drug (chemotherapeutic agents
that suppress immune system), and infections that compromise the
immune system
Ex: Patient with HIV gets pneumocystis carinii
●● What is is a predominant cause of secondary immune deficiencies
worldwide?
,Answer: -malnutrition
●● Examples of secondary immunodeficiency
Answer: -Pneumocystis Carinii
-HIV
-PNA
-Sinus infection
-Lung cancer
●● Hypersensitivity Type I
Answer: - allergic reaction
-mediated by IgE
-mast cells are the primary effector cells involved
-inflammation due to mast cell degranulation
●● Hypersensitivity Type I symptoms
Answer: Local: itching, rash
Systemic: wheezing
●● Hypersensitivity Type I example
Answer: Most dangerous form: anaphylactic reaction -> systemic
response -> hypertension -> severe bronchoconstriction
,Treatment: epinephrine reverses the effects
●● Hypersensitivity Type II
Answer: -cytotoxic reaction
-tissue/organ specific
-macrophages are primary effector cells involved
-can cause tissue damage or alter function
Mechanism: Tissue-specific destruction or impairment because of:
1. Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement
2. Antibody binding followed by macrophage phagocytosis
3. Antibody binding followed by neutrophil destruction
4. Antibody-dependent cell (NK)-mediated cytotoxicity
5. Antireceptor antibodies
●● Hypersensitivity Type II examples
Answer: 1. Grave's disease (hyperthyroidism): altering thyroid function,
but does not destroy thyroid tissue
2. Incompatible blood type (ABO incompatibility): cell/tissue damage
occurs
, -severe transfusion reaction -> transfused erythrocytes destroyed by
agglutination or complement-mediated lysis
3. Drug allergies
4. Hemolytic anemia
●● Graves disease
Answer: -Autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for
TSH
●● ABO incompatibility
Answer: -Complement damages RBC membrane and cells lyse
●● Hypersensitivity Type III
Answer: -NOT organ specific
-antibody binds to soluble antigen outside the cell surface that was
released into the blood of body fluids -> complex is then deposited in
the tissues
-organ rejection involved cytotoxicity
-antigens from target cells stimulate T-cells to differentiate into cytotoxic
T-cells
-neutrophils are the primary effector cells
