Answer Guide NSG 3850 exam 4
NSG 3850 exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbaarq
1. Cholelithiasis Supersaturation of bile w/ cholesterol causing nucleation of crystals and hypo-
motility allowing stone growth
fNucleation occurs where the cholesterol crystals aggregate together. Continued
growth of the crystals then depends on the balance between cholesterol growth
fWhat would you see in your patient with this?
• Intermittent biliary colic, persistent epigastric or RU abdominal pain
• N/V, sweating, flatus, pain radiates to the back
• May be precipitated by a meal, may manifest at night
fWhat would you teach your patient about what this is?
• Need to worry about bile and cholesterol
• No fatty foods, avoid alcohol,
• Somatostatin---esophgeal varices -do not give
• Not going to have somatostatin
2. Cholecystitis Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall—obstruction of cystic duct=statis of
bile in gallbladder
fWhat are the risk factors?
• Diabetes and obesity
fWhat would you see in your patient with this?
• Severe right upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back, abdominal tender-
ness, fever
fWhat testing should you anticipate?
• Leukocytosis, mild elevations in bilirubin,
• Ultrasound, CT, ERCP, no biopsy
• Increased risk of cancer
• Huge risk for sepsis
3. Hepatitis A enteric hepatitis -RNA virus
fFecal-oral route—lack of sanitation and safe water
f2-7-week incubation period
fMalaise, anorexia, nausea, low grade fever, RUQ pain, with or without jaundice
fAnti-HAV IgM =acute infection
1/8
1 4/16/2026
, Answer Guide NSG 3850 exam 4
NSG 3850 exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbaarq
fAnti-HAV IgG= previous infection or vaccination
• immunity
fSupportive management—avoid alcohol and NSAIDs
• Vaccination
4. Hepatitis B partially double stranded DNA virus
fParenteral contact—contaminated blood, needles, sexual contact
f2-6 month incubation period or 15-45 days
fUrticaria (hives), rashes, arthralgia, arthritis, angioedema, serum sickness,
glomerulonephritis
fHBsAg—implies active infection
fOngoing liver inflammation and active viral replication
fSupportive—liver transplant only definitive treatment
fVaccination
5. Hepatitis C single stranded RNA virus
fIV drug use or blood transfusions
fAsymptomatic, mild
fAssessment findings: Edema, altered mental status, jaundice
fHave 70% increased risk for diabetes
fSupportive care
fAnti-HCV positive or IgG—antibody to HCV antigens
6. Hepatitis D fRequires Hep B virus for replication
fParenteral routes and intimate contact
fAccelerates the progress of liver disease
7. Hepatitis E RNA virus
fSpread via fecal-oral route---contaminated water
f2-9 week incubation period
8. Alcoholic hepati- Active inflammation of the centrilobular region of the liver—liver cells show patho-
tis logic changes of hepatocyte necrosis with neutrophilic infiltration and intracellular
2/8
2 4/16/2026
NSG 3850 exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbaarq
1. Cholelithiasis Supersaturation of bile w/ cholesterol causing nucleation of crystals and hypo-
motility allowing stone growth
fNucleation occurs where the cholesterol crystals aggregate together. Continued
growth of the crystals then depends on the balance between cholesterol growth
fWhat would you see in your patient with this?
• Intermittent biliary colic, persistent epigastric or RU abdominal pain
• N/V, sweating, flatus, pain radiates to the back
• May be precipitated by a meal, may manifest at night
fWhat would you teach your patient about what this is?
• Need to worry about bile and cholesterol
• No fatty foods, avoid alcohol,
• Somatostatin---esophgeal varices -do not give
• Not going to have somatostatin
2. Cholecystitis Acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall—obstruction of cystic duct=statis of
bile in gallbladder
fWhat are the risk factors?
• Diabetes and obesity
fWhat would you see in your patient with this?
• Severe right upper abdominal pain that radiates to the back, abdominal tender-
ness, fever
fWhat testing should you anticipate?
• Leukocytosis, mild elevations in bilirubin,
• Ultrasound, CT, ERCP, no biopsy
• Increased risk of cancer
• Huge risk for sepsis
3. Hepatitis A enteric hepatitis -RNA virus
fFecal-oral route—lack of sanitation and safe water
f2-7-week incubation period
fMalaise, anorexia, nausea, low grade fever, RUQ pain, with or without jaundice
fAnti-HAV IgM =acute infection
1/8
1 4/16/2026
, Answer Guide NSG 3850 exam 4
NSG 3850 exam 4
Study online at https://quizlet.com/_gbaarq
fAnti-HAV IgG= previous infection or vaccination
• immunity
fSupportive management—avoid alcohol and NSAIDs
• Vaccination
4. Hepatitis B partially double stranded DNA virus
fParenteral contact—contaminated blood, needles, sexual contact
f2-6 month incubation period or 15-45 days
fUrticaria (hives), rashes, arthralgia, arthritis, angioedema, serum sickness,
glomerulonephritis
fHBsAg—implies active infection
fOngoing liver inflammation and active viral replication
fSupportive—liver transplant only definitive treatment
fVaccination
5. Hepatitis C single stranded RNA virus
fIV drug use or blood transfusions
fAsymptomatic, mild
fAssessment findings: Edema, altered mental status, jaundice
fHave 70% increased risk for diabetes
fSupportive care
fAnti-HCV positive or IgG—antibody to HCV antigens
6. Hepatitis D fRequires Hep B virus for replication
fParenteral routes and intimate contact
fAccelerates the progress of liver disease
7. Hepatitis E RNA virus
fSpread via fecal-oral route---contaminated water
f2-9 week incubation period
8. Alcoholic hepati- Active inflammation of the centrilobular region of the liver—liver cells show patho-
tis logic changes of hepatocyte necrosis with neutrophilic infiltration and intracellular
2/8
2 4/16/2026
