NCAL KAISER EKG LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
depolarization - ANSWERS-- inside of cell becomes positive, outside
negative
- contraction
- na+ channel opens
- ELECTRICAL
repolarization - ANSWERS-movement of cells = inside is negative
again
- na+ channels close, k+ channels open
- MECHANICAL
p wave
qrs wave
t wave - ANSWERS-- (p) atrial depolarization
- (qrs) ventricular depolarization
- (t) ventricular repolarization
END OF
PAGE
1
, NCAL KAISER EKG LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
refractory period - ANSWERS-per of time where cardiac cells cannot
respond to stimulus
absolute refractory period - ANSWERS-beginning of qrs to peak of t
wave
relative refractory (vulnerable per of repolarization) - ANSWERS--
cardiac cells have repolarized enough to respond to strong stimulus
- during this per a strong stimulus may overtake the pacemaker of the
heart
- ex. PVC during vulnerable period may turn into vtach or torsades
- prolonged QT interval inc possibility
causes of prolonged qt intervals - ANSWERS-haldol, bradycardia,
hypokalemia
automaticity - ANSWERS-ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical
impulse
END OF
PAGE
2
, NCAL KAISER EKG LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
excitability - ANSWERS-ability of muscle cells to respond to outside
stimulus
conductivity - ANSWERS-ability to recieve electrical stimulus and
conduct impulse to adjacent cells
contraction - ANSWERS-cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in
response to electrical stimulus
sa node - ANSWERS-- primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
av node - ANSWERS-delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
- 40-60 bpm
bundle of his - ANSWERS-ability to self initiate electrical activity
- 40-60 bpm
END OF
PAGE
3
, NCAL KAISER EKG LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
purkinje fibers - ANSWERS-network of fibers that carry electrical
impulse to ventricular muscle cells
- 20-40 bpm
NSR
Brady
Tachy
SVT
Junctional
Ventricular rhythm - ANSWERS-NSR 60-100
Brady 40-60
Tachy >100
SVT >150
Junctional 40-60
Ventricular rhythm 20 - 40
PR interval - ANSWERS-0.12-0.20
END OF
PAGE
4
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
depolarization - ANSWERS-- inside of cell becomes positive, outside
negative
- contraction
- na+ channel opens
- ELECTRICAL
repolarization - ANSWERS-movement of cells = inside is negative
again
- na+ channels close, k+ channels open
- MECHANICAL
p wave
qrs wave
t wave - ANSWERS-- (p) atrial depolarization
- (qrs) ventricular depolarization
- (t) ventricular repolarization
END OF
PAGE
1
, NCAL KAISER EKG LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
refractory period - ANSWERS-per of time where cardiac cells cannot
respond to stimulus
absolute refractory period - ANSWERS-beginning of qrs to peak of t
wave
relative refractory (vulnerable per of repolarization) - ANSWERS--
cardiac cells have repolarized enough to respond to strong stimulus
- during this per a strong stimulus may overtake the pacemaker of the
heart
- ex. PVC during vulnerable period may turn into vtach or torsades
- prolonged QT interval inc possibility
causes of prolonged qt intervals - ANSWERS-haldol, bradycardia,
hypokalemia
automaticity - ANSWERS-ability of pacemaker cells to initiate electrical
impulse
END OF
PAGE
2
, NCAL KAISER EKG LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
excitability - ANSWERS-ability of muscle cells to respond to outside
stimulus
conductivity - ANSWERS-ability to recieve electrical stimulus and
conduct impulse to adjacent cells
contraction - ANSWERS-cardiac cells shorten = muscular contraction in
response to electrical stimulus
sa node - ANSWERS-- primary pacemaker of heart
- 60-90 bpm
av node - ANSWERS-delay = atrial contraction + ventricular filling
- 40-60 bpm
bundle of his - ANSWERS-ability to self initiate electrical activity
- 40-60 bpm
END OF
PAGE
3
, NCAL KAISER EKG LATEST
EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 2026 - 2027
purkinje fibers - ANSWERS-network of fibers that carry electrical
impulse to ventricular muscle cells
- 20-40 bpm
NSR
Brady
Tachy
SVT
Junctional
Ventricular rhythm - ANSWERS-NSR 60-100
Brady 40-60
Tachy >100
SVT >150
Junctional 40-60
Ventricular rhythm 20 - 40
PR interval - ANSWERS-0.12-0.20
END OF
PAGE
4
