WGU C805 Pathophysiology
Objective Assessment
Comprehensive Practice Question
Bank With Verified Answers Plus
Rationales Already Graded A+
1. Which of the following best defines pathophysiology?
A. Study of drug mechanisms
B. Study of disease processes and functional changes
C. Study of microorganisms only
D. Study of anatomy only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Pathophysiology focuses on functional
changes due to disease.
2. Which cellular adaptation increases cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C. Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to increased cell size.
3. Which process refers to an increased number of cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: A. Rationale: Hyperplasia is increased cell number.
,4. Reversible cell injury is characterized by:
A. Permanent DNA damage
B. Swelling and fatty change
C. Cell rupture
D. Apoptosis only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Early injury can be reversed with swelling.
5. Irreversible cell injury leads to:
A. Recovery
B. Adaptation
C. Cell death
D. Hyperplasia
Correct Answer: C. Rationale: Severe injury results in necrosis or
apoptosis.
6. Which is the main energy-producing organelle?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
7. The primary feature of cellular adaptation is:
A. Permanent cell death
B. Reversible structural or functional change
C. Immediate infection response
D. Genetic mutation only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Adaptation allows cells to survive stress.
8. Which condition is characterized by hypoxia-induced cell injury?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Ischemia
C. Metaplasia
,D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Ischemia reduces oxygen supply.
9. Apoptosis is best described as:
A. Uncontrolled cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infectious destruction
D. Tumor formation
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated.
10. A hallmark of inflammation is:
A. Bradycardia
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Redness and swelling
D. Hypothermia
Correct Answer: C. Rationale: Inflammation increases blood flow and
permeability.
11. Histamine is primarily released by:
A. Neutrophils
B. Mast cells
C. Erythrocytes
D. Platelets only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Mast cells trigger allergic response.
12. Fever is caused by:
A. Decreased metabolism
B. Pyrogens acting on hypothalamus
C. Low oxygen only
D. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Pyrogens reset temperature set point.
13. The immune system’s first line of defense includes:
A. Antibodies
B. Skin and mucous membranes
, C. T cells
D. B cells
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Physical barriers are first line.
14. Antibodies are produced by:
A. T cells
B. B cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Macrophages
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Plasma B cells produce antibodies.
15. Which cell is primarily responsible for phagocytosis?
A. RBC
B. Neutrophil
C. Platelet
D. Viral infection
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Neutrophils engulf pathogens.
16. Autoimmune disease occurs when:
A. Immune system is suppressed
B. Body attacks its own tissues
C. Infection is absent
D. Vaccination occurs
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Self-tolerance fails.
17. Active Immunity
Correct Answer: immunity that results from the own production of
antibodies
18. Passive Immunity
Correct Answer: immunity that results from the introduction of
antibodies from another person or animal
Objective Assessment
Comprehensive Practice Question
Bank With Verified Answers Plus
Rationales Already Graded A+
1. Which of the following best defines pathophysiology?
A. Study of drug mechanisms
B. Study of disease processes and functional changes
C. Study of microorganisms only
D. Study of anatomy only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Pathophysiology focuses on functional
changes due to disease.
2. Which cellular adaptation increases cell size?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Atrophy
C. Hypertrophy
D. Metaplasia
Correct Answer: C. Rationale: Hypertrophy refers to increased cell size.
3. Which process refers to an increased number of cells?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Hypertrophy
C. Dysplasia
D. Necrosis
Correct Answer: A. Rationale: Hyperplasia is increased cell number.
,4. Reversible cell injury is characterized by:
A. Permanent DNA damage
B. Swelling and fatty change
C. Cell rupture
D. Apoptosis only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Early injury can be reversed with swelling.
5. Irreversible cell injury leads to:
A. Recovery
B. Adaptation
C. Cell death
D. Hyperplasia
Correct Answer: C. Rationale: Severe injury results in necrosis or
apoptosis.
6. Which is the main energy-producing organelle?
A. Ribosome
B. Nucleus
C. Mitochondria
D. Lysosome
Correct Answer: C
7. The primary feature of cellular adaptation is:
A. Permanent cell death
B. Reversible structural or functional change
C. Immediate infection response
D. Genetic mutation only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Adaptation allows cells to survive stress.
8. Which condition is characterized by hypoxia-induced cell injury?
A. Hyperplasia
B. Ischemia
C. Metaplasia
,D. Dysplasia
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Ischemia reduces oxygen supply.
9. Apoptosis is best described as:
A. Uncontrolled cell death
B. Programmed cell death
C. Infectious destruction
D. Tumor formation
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Apoptosis is regulated.
10. A hallmark of inflammation is:
A. Bradycardia
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Redness and swelling
D. Hypothermia
Correct Answer: C. Rationale: Inflammation increases blood flow and
permeability.
11. Histamine is primarily released by:
A. Neutrophils
B. Mast cells
C. Erythrocytes
D. Platelets only
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Mast cells trigger allergic response.
12. Fever is caused by:
A. Decreased metabolism
B. Pyrogens acting on hypothalamus
C. Low oxygen only
D. Hypoglycemia
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Pyrogens reset temperature set point.
13. The immune system’s first line of defense includes:
A. Antibodies
B. Skin and mucous membranes
, C. T cells
D. B cells
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Physical barriers are first line.
14. Antibodies are produced by:
A. T cells
B. B cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Macrophages
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Plasma B cells produce antibodies.
15. Which cell is primarily responsible for phagocytosis?
A. RBC
B. Neutrophil
C. Platelet
D. Viral infection
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Neutrophils engulf pathogens.
16. Autoimmune disease occurs when:
A. Immune system is suppressed
B. Body attacks its own tissues
C. Infection is absent
D. Vaccination occurs
Correct Answer: B. Rationale: Self-tolerance fails.
17. Active Immunity
Correct Answer: immunity that results from the own production of
antibodies
18. Passive Immunity
Correct Answer: immunity that results from the introduction of
antibodies from another person or animal
