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PCA Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026

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PCA Exam Questions and Answers with Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026

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PCA Exam Questions and Answers with
Verified Solutions | Latest Updated 2026



passed when july 21, 2015



pca is called in abroad antitrust law



3 prohibited acts of pca 1. anti competitive agreement
2. abuse of dominant position
3. anti competitive mergers and
acquisition


4 anti competitive agreement 1. price fixing
2. bid rigging
3. output restriction
4. market sharing


2 per se prohibited 1. price fixing
2. bid rigging


not per se prohibited 1. output restriction
2. market sharing


defenses safe harbor



same stage of production horizontal agreement

, different stages of production vertical agreement



agree on the prices price fixing



coordinate their actions to bid rigging
manipulate


nag agree isa manalo cover bidding



take turns on winning bidder bid rotation



magwithdraw or refrain bid suppression



fails to submit reqs non conforming bid



fake bid phantom bidding



penalty 1st offense up to 100 million



2nd offense 100-250 million



3rd offense 150 to 250 million



who has biggest penalty pca

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