ANP 652 Final Study Guide QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS SOLVED CORRECT .
AI Hemolytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AI that causes Erythrocyte destruction
and anemia
AIDS dementia complex - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the mental disorder resulting from
an attack by HIV on the brain and nerves
Alzheimer's disease. This is the most common cause of dementia. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Although not all causes of Alzheimer's disease are known, experts do
know that a small percentage are related to mutations of three genes, which can be
passed down from parent to child. While several genes are probably involved in
Alzheimer's disease, one important gene that increases risk is apolipoprotein E4
(APOE).
Alzheimer's disease patients have plaques and tangles in their brains. Plaques are
clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid, and tangles are fibrous tangles made up of tau
protein. It's thought that these clumps damage healthy neurons and the fibers
connecting them.
Aplastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia
characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
Beer's List of Medications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-NSAIDS (except ASA)
-SS Insulin
-long acting sulfonylureas
-BZDs, barbiturates, sleep aids
-anticholinergics
-antihistamines
-antispasmotics
-antipsychotics
-digoxin and amiodarone (use low dose)
-antiparkinon agents
-meperidine (d/t toxic metabolites)
-PPIs (>8wks)
-alpha blockers
-systemic estrogen/androgens
Brain death criteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Completion of all appropriate diagnostic
and therapeutic procedures
Unresponsive coma (absence of motor and reflex responses)
No spontaneous respirations (apnea)
,Pupils dilated, fixed; no reflexes
Flat EEG
No ocular responses
Isoelectric EEG
Persistence 6 to 12 hours after onset
Cataracts - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅clouding of the lens
Causes of Infection in Geriatric Patients - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅
Cervical Spine injury - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hyperextension of the neck
Hyperflexion of the neck
Possibly with fracture
Usually damage to disc and ligaments occurs
affects motor and sensory fuction in arm,legs, and trunk, respiratory functions, SNS
functions, Sacral parasympathetic fibers
Inflammation may extend upward to the level of C3-C5
CHADS VASULAR SCORING - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The CHA2DS2-VASc score
is a point-based system used to stratify the risk of stroke in AF patients. The acronym
CHA2DS2-VASc stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled),
diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74 and sex category (female)
CHADS2 score - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅risk of stroke in patients with non-rheumatic
atrial fibrillation (AF), since AF can cause stasis of blood in the upper heart chambers,
leading to the formation of a mural thrombus that can dislodge into the blood flow, reach
the brain, cut off supply to the brain, and cause a stroke.
CHF
HTN >140/90
Age >75
Diabetes
Stroke (2 pts)
0 = aspirin/or nothing
1 = aspirin or warfarin
>2 = warfarin
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cognitive:
mental decline, confusion in the evening hours, disorientation, inability to speak or
understand language, making things up, mental confusion, or inability to recognize
common things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of restraint, or wandering
and getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
, Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep disorder
Characteristics of Myasthenia Gravis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Muscular weakness
and fatigue
-Respiratory muscle paralysis, ptosis, difficulty chewing and swallowing
Complications of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Poor nutrition. Many people
with dementia eventually reduce or stop eating, affecting their nutrient intake. Ultimately,
they may be unable to chew and swallow.
2. Pneumonia. Difficulty swallowing increases the risk of choking or aspirating food into
the lungs, which can block breathing and cause pneumonia.
3. Inability to perform self-care tasks. As dementia progresses, it can interfere with
bathing, dressing, brushing hair or teeth, using the toilet independently, and taking
medications as directed.
4. Personal safety challenges. Some day-to-day situations can present safety issues for
people with dementia, including driving, cooking, and walking and living alone.
5. Death. Late-stage dementia results in coma and death, often from infection.
complications of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Atherosclerosis (CAD, PVD, MI,
Stroke)
Retinopathy (Screen annually, rx-lasr photocoag)
Nephropathy - ACE inhibs prevent, 30% of ESRD
Neuropathy, Infections, Foot disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅This rare brain disorder
usually occurs in people without known risk factors. This condition might be due to
deposits of infectious proteins called prions. Signs and symptoms of this fatal condition
usually appear after age 60.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease usually has no known cause but can be inherited. It may also
be caused by exposure to diseased brain or nervous system tissue, such as from a
cornea transplant
Definition of Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Males: Hb <13.5 g/dl
Females: Hb <12.5 g/dl
Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dehydration can have causes that aren't due to
underlying disease. Examples include heat, excessive activity, insufficient fluid
consumption, excessive sweating, or medication side effects.
Dementia Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cognitive and neuropsychological tests
Doctors will evaluate your thinking ability. A number of tests measure thinking skills,
such as memory, orientation, reasoning and judgment, language skills, and attention.
Neurological evaluation
ANSWERS SOLVED CORRECT .
AI Hemolytic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅AI that causes Erythrocyte destruction
and anemia
AIDS dementia complex - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the mental disorder resulting from
an attack by HIV on the brain and nerves
Alzheimer's disease. This is the most common cause of dementia. - CORRECT
ANSWER✅✅Although not all causes of Alzheimer's disease are known, experts do
know that a small percentage are related to mutations of three genes, which can be
passed down from parent to child. While several genes are probably involved in
Alzheimer's disease, one important gene that increases risk is apolipoprotein E4
(APOE).
Alzheimer's disease patients have plaques and tangles in their brains. Plaques are
clumps of a protein called beta-amyloid, and tangles are fibrous tangles made up of tau
protein. It's thought that these clumps damage healthy neurons and the fibers
connecting them.
Aplastic Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a normocytic-normochromic type of anemia
characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells
Beer's List of Medications - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-NSAIDS (except ASA)
-SS Insulin
-long acting sulfonylureas
-BZDs, barbiturates, sleep aids
-anticholinergics
-antihistamines
-antispasmotics
-antipsychotics
-digoxin and amiodarone (use low dose)
-antiparkinon agents
-meperidine (d/t toxic metabolites)
-PPIs (>8wks)
-alpha blockers
-systemic estrogen/androgens
Brain death criteria - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Completion of all appropriate diagnostic
and therapeutic procedures
Unresponsive coma (absence of motor and reflex responses)
No spontaneous respirations (apnea)
,Pupils dilated, fixed; no reflexes
Flat EEG
No ocular responses
Isoelectric EEG
Persistence 6 to 12 hours after onset
Cataracts - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅clouding of the lens
Causes of Infection in Geriatric Patients - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅
Cervical Spine injury - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Hyperextension of the neck
Hyperflexion of the neck
Possibly with fracture
Usually damage to disc and ligaments occurs
affects motor and sensory fuction in arm,legs, and trunk, respiratory functions, SNS
functions, Sacral parasympathetic fibers
Inflammation may extend upward to the level of C3-C5
CHADS VASULAR SCORING - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅The CHA2DS2-VASc score
is a point-based system used to stratify the risk of stroke in AF patients. The acronym
CHA2DS2-VASc stands for congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 (doubled),
diabetes, stroke (doubled), vascular disease, age 65 to 74 and sex category (female)
CHADS2 score - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅risk of stroke in patients with non-rheumatic
atrial fibrillation (AF), since AF can cause stasis of blood in the upper heart chambers,
leading to the formation of a mural thrombus that can dislodge into the blood flow, reach
the brain, cut off supply to the brain, and cause a stroke.
CHF
HTN >140/90
Age >75
Diabetes
Stroke (2 pts)
0 = aspirin/or nothing
1 = aspirin or warfarin
>2 = warfarin
Characteristics and Symptoms of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cognitive:
mental decline, confusion in the evening hours, disorientation, inability to speak or
understand language, making things up, mental confusion, or inability to recognize
common things
Behavioral: irritability, personality changes, restlessness, lack of restraint, or wandering
and getting lost
Mood: anxiety, loneliness, mood swings, or nervousness
Psychological: depression, hallucination, or paranoia
, Muscular: inability to combine muscle movements or unsteady walking
Also common: memory loss, falling, jumbled speech, or sleep disorder
Characteristics of Myasthenia Gravis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅-Muscular weakness
and fatigue
-Respiratory muscle paralysis, ptosis, difficulty chewing and swallowing
Complications of Dementia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅1. Poor nutrition. Many people
with dementia eventually reduce or stop eating, affecting their nutrient intake. Ultimately,
they may be unable to chew and swallow.
2. Pneumonia. Difficulty swallowing increases the risk of choking or aspirating food into
the lungs, which can block breathing and cause pneumonia.
3. Inability to perform self-care tasks. As dementia progresses, it can interfere with
bathing, dressing, brushing hair or teeth, using the toilet independently, and taking
medications as directed.
4. Personal safety challenges. Some day-to-day situations can present safety issues for
people with dementia, including driving, cooking, and walking and living alone.
5. Death. Late-stage dementia results in coma and death, often from infection.
complications of diabetes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Atherosclerosis (CAD, PVD, MI,
Stroke)
Retinopathy (Screen annually, rx-lasr photocoag)
Nephropathy - ACE inhibs prevent, 30% of ESRD
Neuropathy, Infections, Foot disease
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅This rare brain disorder
usually occurs in people without known risk factors. This condition might be due to
deposits of infectious proteins called prions. Signs and symptoms of this fatal condition
usually appear after age 60.
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease usually has no known cause but can be inherited. It may also
be caused by exposure to diseased brain or nervous system tissue, such as from a
cornea transplant
Definition of Anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Males: Hb <13.5 g/dl
Females: Hb <12.5 g/dl
Dehydration - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Dehydration can have causes that aren't due to
underlying disease. Examples include heat, excessive activity, insufficient fluid
consumption, excessive sweating, or medication side effects.
Dementia Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Cognitive and neuropsychological tests
Doctors will evaluate your thinking ability. A number of tests measure thinking skills,
such as memory, orientation, reasoning and judgment, language skills, and attention.
Neurological evaluation
