NR511 Final Exam- Chamberlain 2026
Pharmacologic Management of Hemorrhoids - Topical corticosteroid and anesthetic
combination, nitroglycerin, banding ligation, or hemorrhoidectomy.
Epigastric Pain - Common symptom caused by various factors, including overeating and
myocardial infarction.
Referral and Education for IBS - Clients not responding to treatment should be referred to a GI
specialist, focus on stress reduction and healthy diet.
Acid Reflux - Medical condition characterized by burning sensation in chest and regurgitation of
stomach acid into throat or mouth.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Chronic disorder of bowel function, not associated with serious
medical consequences.
Common Symptoms of IBS - Alteration in bowel habits, abdominal pain with diarrhea and/or
constipation, painless diarrhea.
Diagnostic Criteria for IBS - Recurrent abdominal pain associated with change in stool frequency
or appearance, pain related to defecation.
IBS Treatment - Pharmacological treatments directed at specific symptoms, including
antidiarrheals, stimulant laxatives, and antispasmodics.
, Irritable Bowel Disease - Subclassified as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, managed by a GI
specialist.
Rectal Bleeding - Can be caused by hemorrhoids, anal fissures, proctitis, polyps, or colon and
anal cancer.
Non-pharmacologic Management of Hemorrhoids - High fiber diet, increased water intake, sitz
baths, stool softeners, witch hazel.
Colon Cancer Screening Recommendations - Start at age 50-85, options include FOBT,
sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, FIT, CT colonography.
Anemia - Diagnosed when hemoglobin levels drop below a specified level, can be caused by iron
deficiency, chronic disease, or other factors.
Iron-deficiency Anemia (IDA) - Lack of healthy red blood cells from chronic blood loss or
inadequate intake/absorption of iron.
Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) - Increased iron stores contribute to inflammatory processes,
most common form in older adults.
Pernicious Anemia - Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to vitamin B12
deficiency, other causes include gastritis and infections.
Folate Deficiency - Low folate levels cause abnormal red blood cell formation, can be caused by
malnutrition, alcoholism, or medication interactions.
Hemolytic Anemia - Premature destruction of red blood cells caused by infection, transfusion
reaction, or autoimmune reactions.
Pharmacologic Management of Hemorrhoids - Topical corticosteroid and anesthetic
combination, nitroglycerin, banding ligation, or hemorrhoidectomy.
Epigastric Pain - Common symptom caused by various factors, including overeating and
myocardial infarction.
Referral and Education for IBS - Clients not responding to treatment should be referred to a GI
specialist, focus on stress reduction and healthy diet.
Acid Reflux - Medical condition characterized by burning sensation in chest and regurgitation of
stomach acid into throat or mouth.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome - Chronic disorder of bowel function, not associated with serious
medical consequences.
Common Symptoms of IBS - Alteration in bowel habits, abdominal pain with diarrhea and/or
constipation, painless diarrhea.
Diagnostic Criteria for IBS - Recurrent abdominal pain associated with change in stool frequency
or appearance, pain related to defecation.
IBS Treatment - Pharmacological treatments directed at specific symptoms, including
antidiarrheals, stimulant laxatives, and antispasmodics.
, Irritable Bowel Disease - Subclassified as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, managed by a GI
specialist.
Rectal Bleeding - Can be caused by hemorrhoids, anal fissures, proctitis, polyps, or colon and
anal cancer.
Non-pharmacologic Management of Hemorrhoids - High fiber diet, increased water intake, sitz
baths, stool softeners, witch hazel.
Colon Cancer Screening Recommendations - Start at age 50-85, options include FOBT,
sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, FIT, CT colonography.
Anemia - Diagnosed when hemoglobin levels drop below a specified level, can be caused by iron
deficiency, chronic disease, or other factors.
Iron-deficiency Anemia (IDA) - Lack of healthy red blood cells from chronic blood loss or
inadequate intake/absorption of iron.
Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) - Increased iron stores contribute to inflammatory processes,
most common form in older adults.
Pernicious Anemia - Autoimmune destruction of gastric parietal cells leads to vitamin B12
deficiency, other causes include gastritis and infections.
Folate Deficiency - Low folate levels cause abnormal red blood cell formation, can be caused by
malnutrition, alcoholism, or medication interactions.
Hemolytic Anemia - Premature destruction of red blood cells caused by infection, transfusion
reaction, or autoimmune reactions.
