NR511 Final exam
Latest 2026
Janet is a 30 year old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at the
level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspician of cauda equna
compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression?
a. gastrocnemius weakness
b. reduced or absent ankle refles
c. numbness of the lateral foot
d. paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks - d. paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks
The patient has acute pancreatitis with 7 of the diagnostic criteria from Ranson's Criteria. In
order to plan care, the clinician understands that this criteria score has which of the following
meanings?
a. a high mortality rate
b. an increased chance of recurrence
c. 7% chance of the disease becoming chronic
d. all of the above - a. a high mortality rate
,Reuben, age 24, has HIV and just had a routine viral load test done. The results show a falling
viral load What does this indicate
a. a favorable diagnostic trend
b. disease progression
c. the need to be more aggressive with Reuben's medications
d. the eradication of the HIV - a. a favorable diagnostic trend
Which is the differentiating symptom mbetween labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis?
a. symptoms with vestibular neuritis are usually acute in onset, whereas with labyrinthitis the
onet is more gradual
b. hearing loss may be associated with vestibular neuritis, but not with labyrinthitis
c. symptoms with labyrinthitis are usually acute in onset, ,whereas with vesticular neuritis the
onset is more gradual
d. hearing loss may be associated with labyrinthitis ,but not with vestibular neuritis. - d.
hearing loss may be associated with labyrinthitis ,but not with vestibular neuritis.
A 27 year old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She
has no previous history of urinary tract infection. what are some additional symptoms
consistant with a diagnosis of lower UTI?
a. back and abdominal pain
b. fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
c. blood in urine and frequency
d. foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch - c. blood in urine and frequency
,Sam is a 25-year-old man who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history
of localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examination.
As the clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of
the following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated
nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc?
a. morning stiffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine
b. unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater
than the back pain
c. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d. pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss and fatigue - b. unilateral radicular pain
symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain
The differential diagnosis for vertigo can be classified into which of the following categories:
a. peripheral vestibular disease
b. CNS disorders
c. Systemic disorders
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
Preceptors must always see the patients that the students see in the clinical setting
a. true
b. false - a. true
An 82 year old man is seen in the primary care office with complaints of dribbling urine and
difficulty starting his stream. Which of the following should be included in the list of
differentials?
, a. BPH
b. Prostate cancer
c. UTI
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
Endoscopic report reveals the presents of Barrett's epithelium. Which of the following
information should the clinician include in the explaination of the pathology report?
a. this is a premalignant tissue
b. this tissue is resistant to gastric acid
c. this tissue supports healing of the esophagus
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
Which of the following data are indicative of testicular torsion?
a. absent cremasteric reflux
b. pain relived on testicular elevation
c. testicle very low in the scrotum
d. swollen scrotum with a red dot sign - a. absent cremasteric reflux
Most nosocomial pneumonias are caused by:
a. Fungi.
b. Viruses
c. Gram-negative bacteria.
d. Pneumococcal pneumonia. - c. Gram-negative bacteria.
Latest 2026
Janet is a 30 year old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at the
level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspician of cauda equna
compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression?
a. gastrocnemius weakness
b. reduced or absent ankle refles
c. numbness of the lateral foot
d. paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks - d. paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks
The patient has acute pancreatitis with 7 of the diagnostic criteria from Ranson's Criteria. In
order to plan care, the clinician understands that this criteria score has which of the following
meanings?
a. a high mortality rate
b. an increased chance of recurrence
c. 7% chance of the disease becoming chronic
d. all of the above - a. a high mortality rate
,Reuben, age 24, has HIV and just had a routine viral load test done. The results show a falling
viral load What does this indicate
a. a favorable diagnostic trend
b. disease progression
c. the need to be more aggressive with Reuben's medications
d. the eradication of the HIV - a. a favorable diagnostic trend
Which is the differentiating symptom mbetween labyrinthitis and vestibular neuritis?
a. symptoms with vestibular neuritis are usually acute in onset, whereas with labyrinthitis the
onet is more gradual
b. hearing loss may be associated with vestibular neuritis, but not with labyrinthitis
c. symptoms with labyrinthitis are usually acute in onset, ,whereas with vesticular neuritis the
onset is more gradual
d. hearing loss may be associated with labyrinthitis ,but not with vestibular neuritis. - d.
hearing loss may be associated with labyrinthitis ,but not with vestibular neuritis.
A 27 year old female presents with a chief complaint of burning and pain on urination. She
has no previous history of urinary tract infection. what are some additional symptoms
consistant with a diagnosis of lower UTI?
a. back and abdominal pain
b. fever, chills, costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness
c. blood in urine and frequency
d. foul-smelling discharge, perineal itch - c. blood in urine and frequency
,Sam is a 25-year-old man who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history
of localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examination.
As the clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of
the following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated
nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc?
a. morning stiffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine
b. unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater
than the back pain
c. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate
d. pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss and fatigue - b. unilateral radicular pain
symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain
The differential diagnosis for vertigo can be classified into which of the following categories:
a. peripheral vestibular disease
b. CNS disorders
c. Systemic disorders
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
Preceptors must always see the patients that the students see in the clinical setting
a. true
b. false - a. true
An 82 year old man is seen in the primary care office with complaints of dribbling urine and
difficulty starting his stream. Which of the following should be included in the list of
differentials?
, a. BPH
b. Prostate cancer
c. UTI
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
Endoscopic report reveals the presents of Barrett's epithelium. Which of the following
information should the clinician include in the explaination of the pathology report?
a. this is a premalignant tissue
b. this tissue is resistant to gastric acid
c. this tissue supports healing of the esophagus
d. all of the above - d. all of the above
Which of the following data are indicative of testicular torsion?
a. absent cremasteric reflux
b. pain relived on testicular elevation
c. testicle very low in the scrotum
d. swollen scrotum with a red dot sign - a. absent cremasteric reflux
Most nosocomial pneumonias are caused by:
a. Fungi.
b. Viruses
c. Gram-negative bacteria.
d. Pneumococcal pneumonia. - c. Gram-negative bacteria.
