Fisdap Airway Study Guide 2026/2027 version verified with correct answers
A+ Graded
Peak expiratory flow- answer>>> >>>the greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration
when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume- answer>>> >>>after maximal forced exhalation, amount of air
remaining not able to be expelled
Tidal volume- answer>>> >>>amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
Minute volume- answer>>> >>>amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per
minute
Air trapping- answer>>> >>>a respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the
pulmonary tree. Rate increases to overcome resistance.
Angle of Louis- answer>>> >>>angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where
the second rib joins the sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia- answer>>> >>>total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea- answer>>> >>>respiratory arrest
Atelectasis- answer>>> >>>abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli,
preventing exchange of CO2 and O2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device- answer>>> >>>thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to
prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during PPV
Carina- answer>>> >>>where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
Ronchi- answer>>> >>>rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid
in larger airways and may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor- answer>>> >>>harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi)- answer>>> >>>inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard
on inspiration. Associated with bronchitis or pneumonia
Crackles (rales)- answer>>> >>>wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in
smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates
presence of fluid in smaller airways
Croup- answer>>> >>>viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
, Wheeze- answer>>> >>>whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx,
trachea, bronchi
Biot's respirations- answer>>> >>>irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea
from increased ICP, brain damage at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations- answer>>> >>>slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation- answer>>> >>>similar to kussmaul respirations,
deep and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration- answer>>> >>>a pattern of gradually increasing rate and
depth of breathing that tapers to slower and shallower breathing with a period of apnea
before the cycle repeats.
Hering-Breuer reflex- answer>>> >>>a reflex that limits inspiration and prevents over
inflation
Hiccup- answer>>> >>>spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor- answer>>> >>>not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor- answer>>> >>>aggressively spreads
Secondary tumor- answer>>> >>>spread from its original location
Primary tumor- answer>>> >>>collection of cells that grow out of control, in excess of
normal rate. Tumor that develops in only 1 tissue
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS)- answer>>> >>>collection of fluid in the
alveoli of the lung, usually from trauma or illness
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)- answer>>> >>>see Pathophysiology
of COPD below.
Compliance- answer>>> >>>resistance of the patient's lung tissue to ventilation
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Device (BiPAP)- answer>>> >>>air pressure during
inhalation and lower pressure to during exhalation
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)- answer>>> >>>slight PPV throughout
the respiratory cycle to prevent airway collapse
Costal angle- answer>>> >>>the angle formed by the margins of the ribs and the
sternum
A+ Graded
Peak expiratory flow- answer>>> >>>the greatest rate of airflow during forced expiration
when lungs are fully inflated
Residual volume- answer>>> >>>after maximal forced exhalation, amount of air
remaining not able to be expelled
Tidal volume- answer>>> >>>amount of air in a respiratory cycle (500 ml, 5-7ml/kg)
Minute volume- answer>>> >>>amount of gas moved in and out of respiratory tract per
minute
Air trapping- answer>>> >>>a respiratory pattern associated with an obstruction in the
pulmonary tree. Rate increases to overcome resistance.
Angle of Louis- answer>>> >>>angulation of the sternum that indicates the point where
the second rib joins the sternum. (manubriosternal junction)
Anoxia- answer>>> >>>total lack of oxygen available to the tissues
Apnea- answer>>> >>>respiratory arrest
Atelectasis- answer>>> >>>abnormal condition characterized by collapse of alveoli,
preventing exchange of CO2 and O2 in a part of the lungs
Barrier device- answer>>> >>>thin film of material placed on the patient's face used to
prevent direct contact with the patient's mouth during PPV
Carina- answer>>> >>>where the trachea divides into right and left bronchi
Ronchi- answer>>> >>>rattling or rumbling in the lungs. Inspiration and expiration. Fluid
in larger airways and may be cleared from a cough.
Stridor- answer>>> >>>harsh, high-pitched inspiratory sound best heard over the neck
Rattles (ronchi)- answer>>> >>>inflammation and mucus or fluid in larger airways heard
on inspiration. Associated with bronchitis or pneumonia
Crackles (rales)- answer>>> >>>wet lungs - sounds like hair rolled in finger tips. fluid in
smaller airways, crackling or popping sound on inspiration, sound that indicates
presence of fluid in smaller airways
Croup- answer>>> >>>viral infection in upper airway that sounds like a seal bark
, Wheeze- answer>>> >>>whistling sound heard on inspiration or expiration in pharynx,
trachea, bronchi
Biot's respirations- answer>>> >>>irregular respirations and rate with periods of apnea
from increased ICP, brain damage at medulla, DKA, and OD'ing
Agonal respirations- answer>>> >>>slow, shallow, irregular from anoxic brain injury
Central neurogenic hyperventilation- answer>>> >>>similar to kussmaul respirations,
deep and rapid breathing from increased ICP
Cheyne-Stokes respiration- answer>>> >>>a pattern of gradually increasing rate and
depth of breathing that tapers to slower and shallower breathing with a period of apnea
before the cycle repeats.
Hering-Breuer reflex- answer>>> >>>a reflex that limits inspiration and prevents over
inflation
Hiccup- answer>>> >>>spasm of the diaphragm
Benign tumor- answer>>> >>>not spreading aggressively
Malignant tumor- answer>>> >>>aggressively spreads
Secondary tumor- answer>>> >>>spread from its original location
Primary tumor- answer>>> >>>collection of cells that grow out of control, in excess of
normal rate. Tumor that develops in only 1 tissue
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS)- answer>>> >>>collection of fluid in the
alveoli of the lung, usually from trauma or illness
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)- answer>>> >>>see Pathophysiology
of COPD below.
Compliance- answer>>> >>>resistance of the patient's lung tissue to ventilation
Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure Device (BiPAP)- answer>>> >>>air pressure during
inhalation and lower pressure to during exhalation
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)- answer>>> >>>slight PPV throughout
the respiratory cycle to prevent airway collapse
Costal angle- answer>>> >>>the angle formed by the margins of the ribs and the
sternum
