Q1.
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
statements is correct?
A Cross-cultural studies of attachment only investigate the variation between
cultures and not the variation within cultures
B There was no difference in the variation within cultures compared to the
variation between cultures
C The variation between cultures was greater than the variation within
cultures
D The variation within cultures was greater than the variation between
cultures
(Total 1 mark)
Q2.
Read the item and then answer the question that follows.
Proud father Abdul was talking to his friend, as they were both watching Abdul’s
wife, Tasneem, interacting with their baby daughter, Aisha.
‘It’s amazing really’, said Abdul. ‘Tasneem smiles, Aisha smiles back. Tasneem
moves her head, Aisha moves hers, perfectly in time with each other.’
‘Yes’, agreed the friend. ‘It’s almost as if they are one person.’
With reference to Abdul’s conversation with his friend, outline two features of caregiver-
infant interaction.
(Total 4 marks)
Q3.
Discuss findings of research into cultural variations in attachment.
(Total 8 marks)
Q4.
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
attachment types was found to be most common in all of the countries investigated?
A Anxious-avoidant
B Anxious-resistant
C Disorganised
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, D Secure
(Total 1 mark)
Q5.
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
countries was found to have the highest percentage of anxious-resistant children?
A China
B Germany
C Great Britain
D Japan
(Total 1 mark)
Q6.
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
countries was found to have the highest percentage of anxious-avoidant children?
A China
B Germany
C Great Britain
D Japan
(Total 1 mark)
Q7.
Discuss the Strange Situation as a way of assessing type of attachment.
(Total 12 marks)
Q8.
Abi had a happy, secure childhood with parents who loved her very much. She now has
two children of her own and loves them very much too. The two children make friends
easily and are confident and trusting.
Referring to Abi and her family, explain what psychologists have discovered about the
internal working model.
(Total 6 marks)
Q9.
Researcher A found that young animals seemed to attach for comfort rather than for food.
Researcher B found that mobile newborn animals would follow the first large moving
object that they saw.
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, (a) Give the name of Researcher A and state the type of animal studied by this
researcher.
(2)
(b) Give the name of Researcher B and state the type of animal studied by this
researcher.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q10.
Below are five evaluative statements about the Romanian orphan research.
Which two statements are correct?
The Romanian orphan research is …
A limited because it involves only a few case
studies.
B good because it involves comparison with
control groups.
C scientific because it shows a cause and effect
relationship.
D ethically questionable because it involves
separation.
E useful because it shows long-term effects, not
just short-term effects.
(Total 2 marks)
Q11.
Anca is an orphan who has recently been adopted by a British couple. Before being
adopted, Anca lived in an institution with lots of other children in very poor conditions. Her
new parents are understandably concerned about how Anca’s early experiences may
affect her in the future.
Use your knowledge of the effects of institutionalisation to advise Anca’s new parents
about what to expect.
(Total 5 marks)
Q12.
Briefly outline the findings of one animal study of attachment and explain one criticism of
the study.
(Total 4 marks)
Q13.
Briefly evaluate research into caregiver-infant interaction.
(Total 4 marks)
Q14.
Page 3 of 28
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
statements is correct?
A Cross-cultural studies of attachment only investigate the variation between
cultures and not the variation within cultures
B There was no difference in the variation within cultures compared to the
variation between cultures
C The variation between cultures was greater than the variation within
cultures
D The variation within cultures was greater than the variation between
cultures
(Total 1 mark)
Q2.
Read the item and then answer the question that follows.
Proud father Abdul was talking to his friend, as they were both watching Abdul’s
wife, Tasneem, interacting with their baby daughter, Aisha.
‘It’s amazing really’, said Abdul. ‘Tasneem smiles, Aisha smiles back. Tasneem
moves her head, Aisha moves hers, perfectly in time with each other.’
‘Yes’, agreed the friend. ‘It’s almost as if they are one person.’
With reference to Abdul’s conversation with his friend, outline two features of caregiver-
infant interaction.
(Total 4 marks)
Q3.
Discuss findings of research into cultural variations in attachment.
(Total 8 marks)
Q4.
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
attachment types was found to be most common in all of the countries investigated?
A Anxious-avoidant
B Anxious-resistant
C Disorganised
Page 1 of 28
, D Secure
(Total 1 mark)
Q5.
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
countries was found to have the highest percentage of anxious-resistant children?
A China
B Germany
C Great Britain
D Japan
(Total 1 mark)
Q6.
In van Ijzendoorn’s cross-cultural investigations of attachment, which one of the following
countries was found to have the highest percentage of anxious-avoidant children?
A China
B Germany
C Great Britain
D Japan
(Total 1 mark)
Q7.
Discuss the Strange Situation as a way of assessing type of attachment.
(Total 12 marks)
Q8.
Abi had a happy, secure childhood with parents who loved her very much. She now has
two children of her own and loves them very much too. The two children make friends
easily and are confident and trusting.
Referring to Abi and her family, explain what psychologists have discovered about the
internal working model.
(Total 6 marks)
Q9.
Researcher A found that young animals seemed to attach for comfort rather than for food.
Researcher B found that mobile newborn animals would follow the first large moving
object that they saw.
Page 2 of 28
, (a) Give the name of Researcher A and state the type of animal studied by this
researcher.
(2)
(b) Give the name of Researcher B and state the type of animal studied by this
researcher.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
Q10.
Below are five evaluative statements about the Romanian orphan research.
Which two statements are correct?
The Romanian orphan research is …
A limited because it involves only a few case
studies.
B good because it involves comparison with
control groups.
C scientific because it shows a cause and effect
relationship.
D ethically questionable because it involves
separation.
E useful because it shows long-term effects, not
just short-term effects.
(Total 2 marks)
Q11.
Anca is an orphan who has recently been adopted by a British couple. Before being
adopted, Anca lived in an institution with lots of other children in very poor conditions. Her
new parents are understandably concerned about how Anca’s early experiences may
affect her in the future.
Use your knowledge of the effects of institutionalisation to advise Anca’s new parents
about what to expect.
(Total 5 marks)
Q12.
Briefly outline the findings of one animal study of attachment and explain one criticism of
the study.
(Total 4 marks)
Q13.
Briefly evaluate research into caregiver-infant interaction.
(Total 4 marks)
Q14.
Page 3 of 28
