MICROSCOPES MAGNIFICATION
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
optical microscopes :
Transmission electron microscopes :
Contain
·
DNA & RNA
.
⑦ cheap * uses a beam of fast travelling ribosomes <plasma
cytoplasm membrane .
·
,
⑦ easy to use electrons. smaller than
enharyotic
·
⑦ portable ⑦ nigh magnification · No nucleus .
⑦ limited resolution ⑦ specimen has to be
dehydrated. ·
no membrane bound -
black < white 2D
* uses a beam of light ⑦ image organelles
·
wall
Laser scanning microscope :
Scanning electron microscopes : ↳ made up of
-
confocal microscopes. * cause
secondary electrons to peptidogly can
* uses a laser to scan an bounce off the specimen
·
ribosomes are even smaller .
point surface
·
named DNA
object point by
assemble ⑦3D ↳ not wound around histore proteins.
< by computer.
divide
⑦ high resolution ⑦ high magnification
·
by binary fission
⑦ high contrast ⑦ black < white
EURARYOTIC CELLS : WITHOUT MEMBRANES
O expensive O
large d expensive
Ribosomes
magnification image size : * Centrioles :
=
*
actual size -
made of ribosmal -
two bundles
of micro-
-
small < spherical tubules at 900 ·
EURARYOTIC CELLS : MEMBRANE BOUND ·
protein synthesis ·
forms Spindle (mitosis) .
* Nucleus : 2 1
.
*
Cytoskeleton : * cellulose
-
surrounded by nuclear envelope. network of proteins
-
bundles of cellulose
Cell Structure
-
in the
-
pores nuclear envelope. ·
support< Shape < Fibres
the wall
separates contents from the mechanical strength . cell
· ·
.
rest of the cell .
* cilia :
·
nucleolus is where ribosomes -microtubules
made
are lines airways .
·
·
contains
organisms geses. *
Lysosomes
·
provides instructions for protein synthesis . * vacuole : -
small bags formed in
golgi
-
surrounded by apparatus
* Rough Endoplasmic Reticilum tonoplast single membrane
: -
coated with ribosomes . maintains cell old organells < toxic
can
engulf
-
· ·
-
system of membranes ,
containing flid-filled stability matter
cisternal .
intercellular transport system. Apparatus * Mitochondria * Chloroplasts
·
SA ribosomes.
*
Golgi : :
·
provides largea
for
-
membrane-bound -two membranes -
double membrane
·
transports proteins to the
golgi apparatus . flattened sacs .
↳ inner (cristael -
thy la hoids
modified inner is
·
proteins are part granums
-
-
* Smooth endoplasmic Reticilum : here matrix -
Stroma :
fluid
membranes with ·site of ATP filled matrix
system of ·
proteins are
packaged
-
fuid-filled cisternal into vesciles that are
·
self-replicating
·
site of
continuous with the nucleus .
pinched off photosynthesis
-
·
contains enzymes
involved absorption transport
· in
, Synthesis <
of lipids.
PROKARYOTIC CELLS
optical microscopes :
Transmission electron microscopes :
Contain
·
DNA & RNA
.
⑦ cheap * uses a beam of fast travelling ribosomes <plasma
cytoplasm membrane .
·
,
⑦ easy to use electrons. smaller than
enharyotic
·
⑦ portable ⑦ nigh magnification · No nucleus .
⑦ limited resolution ⑦ specimen has to be
dehydrated. ·
no membrane bound -
black < white 2D
* uses a beam of light ⑦ image organelles
·
wall
Laser scanning microscope :
Scanning electron microscopes : ↳ made up of
-
confocal microscopes. * cause
secondary electrons to peptidogly can
* uses a laser to scan an bounce off the specimen
·
ribosomes are even smaller .
point surface
·
named DNA
object point by
assemble ⑦3D ↳ not wound around histore proteins.
< by computer.
divide
⑦ high resolution ⑦ high magnification
·
by binary fission
⑦ high contrast ⑦ black < white
EURARYOTIC CELLS : WITHOUT MEMBRANES
O expensive O
large d expensive
Ribosomes
magnification image size : * Centrioles :
=
*
actual size -
made of ribosmal -
two bundles
of micro-
-
small < spherical tubules at 900 ·
EURARYOTIC CELLS : MEMBRANE BOUND ·
protein synthesis ·
forms Spindle (mitosis) .
* Nucleus : 2 1
.
*
Cytoskeleton : * cellulose
-
surrounded by nuclear envelope. network of proteins
-
bundles of cellulose
Cell Structure
-
in the
-
pores nuclear envelope. ·
support< Shape < Fibres
the wall
separates contents from the mechanical strength . cell
· ·
.
rest of the cell .
* cilia :
·
nucleolus is where ribosomes -microtubules
made
are lines airways .
·
·
contains
organisms geses. *
Lysosomes
·
provides instructions for protein synthesis . * vacuole : -
small bags formed in
golgi
-
surrounded by apparatus
* Rough Endoplasmic Reticilum tonoplast single membrane
: -
coated with ribosomes . maintains cell old organells < toxic
can
engulf
-
· ·
-
system of membranes ,
containing flid-filled stability matter
cisternal .
intercellular transport system. Apparatus * Mitochondria * Chloroplasts
·
SA ribosomes.
*
Golgi : :
·
provides largea
for
-
membrane-bound -two membranes -
double membrane
·
transports proteins to the
golgi apparatus . flattened sacs .
↳ inner (cristael -
thy la hoids
modified inner is
·
proteins are part granums
-
-
* Smooth endoplasmic Reticilum : here matrix -
Stroma :
fluid
membranes with ·site of ATP filled matrix
system of ·
proteins are
packaged
-
fuid-filled cisternal into vesciles that are
·
self-replicating
·
site of
continuous with the nucleus .
pinched off photosynthesis
-
·
contains enzymes
involved absorption transport
· in
, Synthesis <
of lipids.
