Montelukast (Singulair)
Give this one a try later!
•MOA: Leukotriene receptor blocker
•Pharmacokinetics: Metabolized in liver and excreted in bile; Concurrent
use of phenytoin can decrease levels of Montelukast
•Indications
•Asthma (over age 1)
•Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) (age 15 and older)
•Allergic rhinitis
•Preparations and Dosages:
•12-23 months: 4 mg granule packet daily
•2-5 years: 4mg granules or tablet every evening
•6-14 years: 5mg chewable tablet every evening
•15 years and older: 10mg tablet every evening or 2 hours before exercising
•Precautions: Generally well tolerated; Use with caution in patients with
neuropsychiatric disorders
•Patient Education
•Delivery: Granules, Tablets and chewable tablets
•Monitor for signs of neuropsychiatric events including depression,
behavior changes, sleep disturbances and suicidality
, •Evaluation
•Efficacy
Side Effects: Neuropsychiatric disorders, headache, URI
Rotavirus Vaccine
Give this one a try later!
Recommendations: •All infants beginning at 8 weeks of age
Preparations: •Live, attenuated virus
•Administered orally
•Rotarix
•RotaTeq
Efficacy: •RotaTeq prevents 74% cases and 98% of severe cases; Reduces
hospitalizations by 96%
•Rotarix prevents 79% cases and 90% of severe cases; Reduces
hospitalizations by 96%
AE: •Mild: Diarrhea, vomiting, ear infection, runny nose, sore throat
•Severe: Intussusception (rare)
Precautions: •Immunocompromised infants
•Currently ill with moderate to severe diarrhea or vomiting
CI: •Uncorrected congenital malformation of the GI tract; Severe
Combined Immunodeficiency
Influenza Vaccine
Give this one a try later!
, Recommendations: •Annually
•All people 6 months and older
•High risk should receive the inactivated influenza vaccine
•<5 years old
•Pregnant women
•>65 years or older
•Morbidly obese
•Nursing home
•Native Americans/ Alaskan Americans
•Immunocompromised
•Chronic diseases such as diabetes, lung disease, etc.
Preparations: •Live virus: FluMist intranasal
•Inactivated virus: Fluzone, Fluvirin
•Trivalent
•Quadrivalent
Efficacy: •Live virus: FluMist intranasal
•Inactivated virus: Fluzone, Fluvirin
•Trivalent
•Quadrivalent
AE: •Mild: Fever, runny nose, headache, cough, loss of appetite
•Severe: Very small risk of Guillain-Barre' syndrome
Precautions:•FDA warns against giving vaccine to people with severe egg
allergies (CDC disagrees)
•Recent GBS
CI: •Acute febrile illness - wait till symptoms resolve to vaccinate
•Pregnant women should not receive live vaccine
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Give this one a try later!
, MOA: •Lethal to anaerobic organisms only
•Must be taken up by cell and converted to active form (only anaerobes
can do this)
Use: •Protozoal infections
•obligate anaerobic bacteria:
•Bacteroides fragilis (and other Bacteroides species), C. difficile (and other
Clostridium species), Fusobacterium species, Gardnerella vaginalis,
Peptococcus species, and Peptostreptococcus species.
•CNS, ABD, Bones, Joints, Skin, Soft Tissues, GU
•C-Diff
•Surgery prophylaxis
AE: CNS: peripheral neuropathy, confusion, vertigo, seizures
BBW: increased cancer in mice and rats
Dosing and Administration: •Varies depending on use
•Oral: 250mg, 500mg
CI: •possible disulfiram reaction with alcohol although conflicting data
about this
Interactions: • Alcohol
Patient Education: •AE
Tetracycline
Give this one a try later!
MOA: •Suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
• bacteriostatic
Use: •Broad-spectrum
•Gram positive and gram negative bacteria
•Rickettsia, spirochetes, Brucella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, H. Pylori,
Borrelia burgdoferi, Bacillun anthracis, and Vibrio cholerae
•Acne
•Periodontal disease (doxy and minocycline)
AE: •GI: epigastric burning, cramps, N, V, D
•Esophageal ulceration
•Bind to calcium in teeth à yellow or brown discoloration
•superinfection (staph or C-Diff)
•Hepatotoxicity (lethargy and jaundice)
•Renal impairment exacerbation
Dosing and Administration: •Oral Prep: 250mg, 500mg
Give this one a try later!
•MOA: Leukotriene receptor blocker
•Pharmacokinetics: Metabolized in liver and excreted in bile; Concurrent
use of phenytoin can decrease levels of Montelukast
•Indications
•Asthma (over age 1)
•Prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) (age 15 and older)
•Allergic rhinitis
•Preparations and Dosages:
•12-23 months: 4 mg granule packet daily
•2-5 years: 4mg granules or tablet every evening
•6-14 years: 5mg chewable tablet every evening
•15 years and older: 10mg tablet every evening or 2 hours before exercising
•Precautions: Generally well tolerated; Use with caution in patients with
neuropsychiatric disorders
•Patient Education
•Delivery: Granules, Tablets and chewable tablets
•Monitor for signs of neuropsychiatric events including depression,
behavior changes, sleep disturbances and suicidality
, •Evaluation
•Efficacy
Side Effects: Neuropsychiatric disorders, headache, URI
Rotavirus Vaccine
Give this one a try later!
Recommendations: •All infants beginning at 8 weeks of age
Preparations: •Live, attenuated virus
•Administered orally
•Rotarix
•RotaTeq
Efficacy: •RotaTeq prevents 74% cases and 98% of severe cases; Reduces
hospitalizations by 96%
•Rotarix prevents 79% cases and 90% of severe cases; Reduces
hospitalizations by 96%
AE: •Mild: Diarrhea, vomiting, ear infection, runny nose, sore throat
•Severe: Intussusception (rare)
Precautions: •Immunocompromised infants
•Currently ill with moderate to severe diarrhea or vomiting
CI: •Uncorrected congenital malformation of the GI tract; Severe
Combined Immunodeficiency
Influenza Vaccine
Give this one a try later!
, Recommendations: •Annually
•All people 6 months and older
•High risk should receive the inactivated influenza vaccine
•<5 years old
•Pregnant women
•>65 years or older
•Morbidly obese
•Nursing home
•Native Americans/ Alaskan Americans
•Immunocompromised
•Chronic diseases such as diabetes, lung disease, etc.
Preparations: •Live virus: FluMist intranasal
•Inactivated virus: Fluzone, Fluvirin
•Trivalent
•Quadrivalent
Efficacy: •Live virus: FluMist intranasal
•Inactivated virus: Fluzone, Fluvirin
•Trivalent
•Quadrivalent
AE: •Mild: Fever, runny nose, headache, cough, loss of appetite
•Severe: Very small risk of Guillain-Barre' syndrome
Precautions:•FDA warns against giving vaccine to people with severe egg
allergies (CDC disagrees)
•Recent GBS
CI: •Acute febrile illness - wait till symptoms resolve to vaccinate
•Pregnant women should not receive live vaccine
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Give this one a try later!
, MOA: •Lethal to anaerobic organisms only
•Must be taken up by cell and converted to active form (only anaerobes
can do this)
Use: •Protozoal infections
•obligate anaerobic bacteria:
•Bacteroides fragilis (and other Bacteroides species), C. difficile (and other
Clostridium species), Fusobacterium species, Gardnerella vaginalis,
Peptococcus species, and Peptostreptococcus species.
•CNS, ABD, Bones, Joints, Skin, Soft Tissues, GU
•C-Diff
•Surgery prophylaxis
AE: CNS: peripheral neuropathy, confusion, vertigo, seizures
BBW: increased cancer in mice and rats
Dosing and Administration: •Varies depending on use
•Oral: 250mg, 500mg
CI: •possible disulfiram reaction with alcohol although conflicting data
about this
Interactions: • Alcohol
Patient Education: •AE
Tetracycline
Give this one a try later!
MOA: •Suppress bacterial growth by inhibiting protein synthesis
• bacteriostatic
Use: •Broad-spectrum
•Gram positive and gram negative bacteria
•Rickettsia, spirochetes, Brucella, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, H. Pylori,
Borrelia burgdoferi, Bacillun anthracis, and Vibrio cholerae
•Acne
•Periodontal disease (doxy and minocycline)
AE: •GI: epigastric burning, cramps, N, V, D
•Esophageal ulceration
•Bind to calcium in teeth à yellow or brown discoloration
•superinfection (staph or C-Diff)
•Hepatotoxicity (lethargy and jaundice)
•Renal impairment exacerbation
Dosing and Administration: •Oral Prep: 250mg, 500mg
