Test Bank for Biology: How Life Works, 4th
Edition
5 steps of scientific method - answer-1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation - answer-act of viewing the world around us
question - answer-made based off of an observation
hypothesis - answer-a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment - answer-- test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
conclusion - answer-supports/refutes hypothesis
- more experimentation needed if refuted
prediction - answer-a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the outcome you
1
,would observe if your hypothesis was supported
theory - answer-a sound explanation of the world supported through continued observation
and experiments over a long period of time
3 components of a controlled experiment - answer-1. variable
2. test group
3. control group
variable - answer-feature of an experiment that is changed from one treatment to the next
test group - answer-exposed to variable in an experiment
control group - answer-not exposed to the variable in an experiment
importance of test group & control group - answer-they allow researchers to determine
whether the variable in an experiment has an effect
independent variable - answer-manipulation performed on the test group
(ex. hours of tutoring)
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? - answer-x-axis
dependent variable - answer-effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
2
, which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? - answer-y-axis
theory of evolution - answer-set of hypotheses that provide a powerful explanation for both
biological observations & the diversity of life
why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory in all of
biology? - answer-there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms - answer-1. organization -
complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics - answer-energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only
be transformed from one form into another
how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? - answer-- living organisms
transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
3
Edition
5 steps of scientific method - answer-1. observation
2. question
3. hypothesis
4. experiment
5. conclusion
observation - answer-act of viewing the world around us
question - answer-made based off of an observation
hypothesis - answer-a tentative explanation for an observation
controlled experiment - answer-- test several groups
- introduce a single variable per treatment
- keep conditions as similar as possible from one group to the next
conclusion - answer-supports/refutes hypothesis
- more experimentation needed if refuted
prediction - answer-a guess of what might happen based on observation-- the outcome you
1
,would observe if your hypothesis was supported
theory - answer-a sound explanation of the world supported through continued observation
and experiments over a long period of time
3 components of a controlled experiment - answer-1. variable
2. test group
3. control group
variable - answer-feature of an experiment that is changed from one treatment to the next
test group - answer-exposed to variable in an experiment
control group - answer-not exposed to the variable in an experiment
importance of test group & control group - answer-they allow researchers to determine
whether the variable in an experiment has an effect
independent variable - answer-manipulation performed on the test group
(ex. hours of tutoring)
which axis is the independent variable found on a graph? - answer-x-axis
dependent variable - answer-effect that is being measured
(ex. test score)
2
, which axis is the dependent variable found on a graph? - answer-y-axis
theory of evolution - answer-set of hypotheses that provide a powerful explanation for both
biological observations & the diversity of life
why do we learn that the theory of evolution is the single most important theory in all of
biology? - answer-there's lots of evidence from asking/testing good scientific questions
(ex. anatomy, fossil record, biogeography, molecular biology)
7 ways living organisms are different from non-living organisms - answer-1. organization -
complex organization
2. response - ability to change in response to the environment
3. reproduction - ability to reproduce
4. evolution - capacity to evolve
5. metabolism - chemical rxns that sustain life
6. homeostasis - maintenance of stable internal environment
7. growth - regulated growth/cell division
1st law of thermodynamics - answer-energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only
be transformed from one form into another
how does the 1st law of thermodynamics apply to living organisms? - answer-- living organisms
transform energy from sunlight --> chemical energy
- cells convert energy by expending it & giving off heat as a by product
3
