1. A patient is placed on mechanical ventilation. Which parameter is most important for
evaluating oxygenation?
A. Serum creatinine
B. SpO₂ (oxygen saturation)
C. Blood glucose
D. Urine output
Correct Answer: B. SpO₂ (oxygen saturation)
Rationale: SpO₂ directly reflects the effectiveness of oxygen delivery and ventilation support.
2. Which ABG finding is most consistent with acute respiratory failure?
A. pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg
B. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
C. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 35 mmHg
D. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg
Correct Answer: B. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
Rationale: Elevated CO₂ with acidemia indicates hypercapnic respiratory failure.
3. Which ventilator alarm requires immediate action?
A. Low-pressure alarm
B. High-pressure alarm
C. Power-on alarm test
D. Battery charging alarm
Correct Answer: B. High-pressure alarm
Rationale: High pressure may indicate obstruction, secretion buildup, or pneumothorax.
4. A patient on mechanical ventilation suddenly becomes hypotensive and tachycardic.
What is the priority concern?
A. Fluid overload
B. Pneumothorax
,C. Hyperglycemia
D. Kidney failure
Correct Answer: B. Pneumothorax
Rationale: Tension pneumothorax can occur and cause cardiovascular collapse.
5. Which finding suggests inadequate oxygenation in a ventilated patient?
A. SpO₂ 98%
B. Cyanosis
C. Normal urine output
D. Warm skin
Correct Answer: B. Cyanosis
Rationale: Cyanosis indicates poor oxygen delivery to tissues.
6. What is the primary purpose of PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure)?
A. Decrease heart rate
B. Prevent alveolar collapse
C. Increase urine output
D. Lower blood pressure
Correct Answer: B. Prevent alveolar collapse
Rationale: PEEP keeps alveoli open, improving gas exchange.
7. Which complication is most associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
C. Appendicitis
D. Cataracts
Correct Answer: B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Rationale: Intubation increases risk of lung infection.
, 8. A patient becomes agitated and fights the ventilator. What is the first nursing action?
A. Increase sedation without order
B. Assess oxygenation and airway patency
C. Remove the endotracheal tube
D. Turn off the ventilator
Correct Answer: B. Assess oxygenation and airway patency
Rationale: Agitation may indicate hypoxia or ventilator issues.
9. Which mode of ventilation supports every breath the patient initiates?
A. Assist-control ventilation
B. CPAP only
C. Room air breathing
D. Oxygen mask
Correct Answer: A. Assist-control ventilation
Rationale: Assist-control delivers full support to all patient-triggered breaths.
10.Which ABG value indicates respiratory acidosis?
A. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30
B. pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 60
C. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 35
D. pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40
Correct Answer: B. pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 60
Rationale: CO₂ retention lowers pH causing respiratory acidosis.
11.Which action helps prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
A. Keep patient supine
B. Elevate head of bed 30–45°
C. Limit oral care
D. Reduce suctioning
Correct Answer: B. Elevate head of bed 30–45°
evaluating oxygenation?
A. Serum creatinine
B. SpO₂ (oxygen saturation)
C. Blood glucose
D. Urine output
Correct Answer: B. SpO₂ (oxygen saturation)
Rationale: SpO₂ directly reflects the effectiveness of oxygen delivery and ventilation support.
2. Which ABG finding is most consistent with acute respiratory failure?
A. pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40 mmHg
B. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
C. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 35 mmHg
D. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30 mmHg
Correct Answer: B. pH 7.30, PaCO₂ 55 mmHg
Rationale: Elevated CO₂ with acidemia indicates hypercapnic respiratory failure.
3. Which ventilator alarm requires immediate action?
A. Low-pressure alarm
B. High-pressure alarm
C. Power-on alarm test
D. Battery charging alarm
Correct Answer: B. High-pressure alarm
Rationale: High pressure may indicate obstruction, secretion buildup, or pneumothorax.
4. A patient on mechanical ventilation suddenly becomes hypotensive and tachycardic.
What is the priority concern?
A. Fluid overload
B. Pneumothorax
,C. Hyperglycemia
D. Kidney failure
Correct Answer: B. Pneumothorax
Rationale: Tension pneumothorax can occur and cause cardiovascular collapse.
5. Which finding suggests inadequate oxygenation in a ventilated patient?
A. SpO₂ 98%
B. Cyanosis
C. Normal urine output
D. Warm skin
Correct Answer: B. Cyanosis
Rationale: Cyanosis indicates poor oxygen delivery to tissues.
6. What is the primary purpose of PEEP (Positive End-Expiratory Pressure)?
A. Decrease heart rate
B. Prevent alveolar collapse
C. Increase urine output
D. Lower blood pressure
Correct Answer: B. Prevent alveolar collapse
Rationale: PEEP keeps alveoli open, improving gas exchange.
7. Which complication is most associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation?
A. Hyperthyroidism
B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
C. Appendicitis
D. Cataracts
Correct Answer: B. Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Rationale: Intubation increases risk of lung infection.
, 8. A patient becomes agitated and fights the ventilator. What is the first nursing action?
A. Increase sedation without order
B. Assess oxygenation and airway patency
C. Remove the endotracheal tube
D. Turn off the ventilator
Correct Answer: B. Assess oxygenation and airway patency
Rationale: Agitation may indicate hypoxia or ventilator issues.
9. Which mode of ventilation supports every breath the patient initiates?
A. Assist-control ventilation
B. CPAP only
C. Room air breathing
D. Oxygen mask
Correct Answer: A. Assist-control ventilation
Rationale: Assist-control delivers full support to all patient-triggered breaths.
10.Which ABG value indicates respiratory acidosis?
A. pH 7.50, PaCO₂ 30
B. pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 60
C. pH 7.45, PaCO₂ 35
D. pH 7.40, PaCO₂ 40
Correct Answer: B. pH 7.25, PaCO₂ 60
Rationale: CO₂ retention lowers pH causing respiratory acidosis.
11.Which action helps prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)?
A. Keep patient supine
B. Elevate head of bed 30–45°
C. Limit oral care
D. Reduce suctioning
Correct Answer: B. Elevate head of bed 30–45°
