History and Trends of Health Care Chapter 1:Questions and Verified Answers
Chinese - ansUsed acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion
Clara Barton - ansFounded the American Red Cross in 1881
Complementary and alternative methods of health care - ansComplementary: traditional methods. Alternative:
way of using other than traditional methods
Cost containment - ansTrying to control the rising cost of health care
Dark Ages - ansEmphasis was placed on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
Diagnostic related groups (DRGs) - ansA statistical system of classifying any inpatient stay into other groups for
the purpose of payment
Differentiate between complementary and alternative therapies. - ansComplementary: treatments that are
used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies. Alternatives: treatments that are used in place of
biomedical therapies.
Do you think a health insurance company should be allowed to require a physical examination to determine
the cost of the plan? Why or why not? - ansYes, because health insurance can cost different amounts
depending on the severity of an injury.
Edward Jenner - ansDeveloped a vaccine for smallpox in 1796
Egyptians - ansEarliest people known to maintain accurate health records
Energy conservation - ansMonitoring the use of energy to control costs and conserve resources
,Florence Nightingale - ansFounder of modern nursing
Gabriel Fahrenheit - ansCreated the first mercury thermometer
Geriatric care - ansCare for the elderly
Gregory Mendel - ansEstablished the patterns of heredity
Hippocrates - ansThe father of medicine
Home health care - ansAny type of health care provided in a patients home environment
Identify four women who made important contributions to the advance of health care in the 19th century. -
ansClara Barton: found the Red Cross. Florence Nightingale: founder of nursing. Marie Curie: isolated radium.
Dorothea Dix: superintendent of female nurses in the army.
In the Dark Ages, what was the main method used to treat illness and disease? - ansStressed prayers.
Jonas Salk - ansDeveloped the polio vaccine in 1952
Joseph Lister - ansBegan use disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery
Leonardo da Vinci - ansArtist who used dissection to draw the human body
List at least four diseases that shortened the life span of individuals in the Middle Ages. - ansBubonic Plague,
small pox, scurvy, typhus.
List four things Hippocrates stressed to help the human body heal itself. - ansCleanliness, good diet, clean
,water, good sanitation.
Louis Pasteur - ansBegan pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria
Marie Curie - ansIsolated radium in 1910
Rhazes - ansAn Arab physician who began the use of animal gut for suture material
Robert Koch - ansDeveloped the culture plate method to identify pathogens
Romans - ansBegan public health and sanitation systems
Sir Alexander Fleming - ansDiscovered penicillin in 1928
Telemedicine - ansInvolves the use of video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical information
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 established standards for geriatric assistants in long-
term care facilities. List four requirements that all geriatric assistants must meet as a result of OBRA. - ansPass
the training program, continue their education, have period evaluations of performances, retraining or testing
if they haven't performed in two years.
Think of the future of health care. What major advancement would you want to see in the 21st century? -
ansDuring a cat scan, people won't be exposed to as much radiation as they are now.
Wellness - ansState of being in good health
What did ancient people think was the cause of disease and illness? - ansEvil spirits
, What did apothecrates use to make many of the medications in the 17th century? - ansPlants and herbs.
What helped medicine progress faster in the 20th century than in all the previous years? - ansTechnology.
What is holistic health care? - ansPromoted physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being by
treating the whole body, mind, and spirit.
What is the Rod of Asclepius? - ansA serpent twisting around a rod, deity associated with health and medicine.
What was the significance of the invention of the microscope in 1666? - ansAllowed physicians to see
organisms too small to be seen by the human eye.
Why is it important to individualize an integrative treatment plan? - ansTo meet the patient's own special
needs and circumstances.
Why was dissection a major advance in health care during the Renaissance? - ansIt helped people understand
parts of the body.
Why was the discovery of DNA in 1953 so important? - ansDNA began the search for gene therapy to cure
inherited diseases.
Why was the invention of the stethoscope in 1819 important? - ansTo listen to internal body sounds, which
increased knowledge of the human body.
William Harvey - ansDescribed the circulation of blood to and from the heart
William Roentgen - ansDiscovered X-Rays in 1895Although epidemiologists are spending less time overall
studying communicable diseases, which communicable disease remains a priority? - ansHIV/AIDS
Chinese - ansUsed acupuncture to relieve pain and congestion
Clara Barton - ansFounded the American Red Cross in 1881
Complementary and alternative methods of health care - ansComplementary: traditional methods. Alternative:
way of using other than traditional methods
Cost containment - ansTrying to control the rising cost of health care
Dark Ages - ansEmphasis was placed on saving the soul and study of medicine was prohibited
Diagnostic related groups (DRGs) - ansA statistical system of classifying any inpatient stay into other groups for
the purpose of payment
Differentiate between complementary and alternative therapies. - ansComplementary: treatments that are
used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies. Alternatives: treatments that are used in place of
biomedical therapies.
Do you think a health insurance company should be allowed to require a physical examination to determine
the cost of the plan? Why or why not? - ansYes, because health insurance can cost different amounts
depending on the severity of an injury.
Edward Jenner - ansDeveloped a vaccine for smallpox in 1796
Egyptians - ansEarliest people known to maintain accurate health records
Energy conservation - ansMonitoring the use of energy to control costs and conserve resources
,Florence Nightingale - ansFounder of modern nursing
Gabriel Fahrenheit - ansCreated the first mercury thermometer
Geriatric care - ansCare for the elderly
Gregory Mendel - ansEstablished the patterns of heredity
Hippocrates - ansThe father of medicine
Home health care - ansAny type of health care provided in a patients home environment
Identify four women who made important contributions to the advance of health care in the 19th century. -
ansClara Barton: found the Red Cross. Florence Nightingale: founder of nursing. Marie Curie: isolated radium.
Dorothea Dix: superintendent of female nurses in the army.
In the Dark Ages, what was the main method used to treat illness and disease? - ansStressed prayers.
Jonas Salk - ansDeveloped the polio vaccine in 1952
Joseph Lister - ansBegan use disinfectants and antiseptics during surgery
Leonardo da Vinci - ansArtist who used dissection to draw the human body
List at least four diseases that shortened the life span of individuals in the Middle Ages. - ansBubonic Plague,
small pox, scurvy, typhus.
List four things Hippocrates stressed to help the human body heal itself. - ansCleanliness, good diet, clean
,water, good sanitation.
Louis Pasteur - ansBegan pasteurizing milk to kill bacteria
Marie Curie - ansIsolated radium in 1910
Rhazes - ansAn Arab physician who began the use of animal gut for suture material
Robert Koch - ansDeveloped the culture plate method to identify pathogens
Romans - ansBegan public health and sanitation systems
Sir Alexander Fleming - ansDiscovered penicillin in 1928
Telemedicine - ansInvolves the use of video, audio, and computer systems to provide medical information
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) of 1987 established standards for geriatric assistants in long-
term care facilities. List four requirements that all geriatric assistants must meet as a result of OBRA. - ansPass
the training program, continue their education, have period evaluations of performances, retraining or testing
if they haven't performed in two years.
Think of the future of health care. What major advancement would you want to see in the 21st century? -
ansDuring a cat scan, people won't be exposed to as much radiation as they are now.
Wellness - ansState of being in good health
What did ancient people think was the cause of disease and illness? - ansEvil spirits
, What did apothecrates use to make many of the medications in the 17th century? - ansPlants and herbs.
What helped medicine progress faster in the 20th century than in all the previous years? - ansTechnology.
What is holistic health care? - ansPromoted physical, emotional, social, intellectual, and spiritual well-being by
treating the whole body, mind, and spirit.
What is the Rod of Asclepius? - ansA serpent twisting around a rod, deity associated with health and medicine.
What was the significance of the invention of the microscope in 1666? - ansAllowed physicians to see
organisms too small to be seen by the human eye.
Why is it important to individualize an integrative treatment plan? - ansTo meet the patient's own special
needs and circumstances.
Why was dissection a major advance in health care during the Renaissance? - ansIt helped people understand
parts of the body.
Why was the discovery of DNA in 1953 so important? - ansDNA began the search for gene therapy to cure
inherited diseases.
Why was the invention of the stethoscope in 1819 important? - ansTo listen to internal body sounds, which
increased knowledge of the human body.
William Harvey - ansDescribed the circulation of blood to and from the heart
William Roentgen - ansDiscovered X-Rays in 1895Although epidemiologists are spending less time overall
studying communicable diseases, which communicable disease remains a priority? - ansHIV/AIDS
