CLEX-RN 2026 HIGH-YIELD NGN CASE STUDIES
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
PCO2 - ANSWER-35-45
HCO3 - ANSWER-22-26
PO2 - ANSWER-80-100%
SaO2 - ANSWER-96-100%
BUN - ANSWER-8-25
Creatinine - ANSWER-0.5-1
Waste product filtered out by kidneys
Total cholesterol - ANSWER-under 200
HDL - ANSWER-30-70
Good cholesterol
LDL
Bad cholesterol - ANSWER-less than 130
Triglycerides - ANSWER-under 200
Type of lipid that circulates in blood
High amount- increase risk heart disease and stroke
Page 1 of 129
,protein - ANSWER-6-8
albumin - ANSWER-3.5-5
-checks liver and kidney function
- high=dehydration, diarrhea
-low=kidney/liver disease, infection, inflammation
amylase - ANSWER-25-151
Enzyme helps digest carbs
lipase - ANSWER-10-140
Enzyme made in pancreas that break down fats
High- problem w prancers
ammonia - ANSWER-10-80
Toxic waste product made during protein digestion
High- liver disease, kidney failure, genetic disorder, Reyes
ALT/AST - ANSWER-10-40
Bilirubin - ANSWER-total less then 1.5
glucose - ANSWER-70-100
A1C - ANSWER-under 6%
Average blood sugar over 3 months
hemoglobin - ANSWER-woman 12-15, male 14-16
Page 2 of 129
,hematocrit - ANSWER-female 35-45% male 40-50%
platelets - ANSWER-150,000-400,000
aPTT - ANSWER-20-30 seconds
PT - ANSWER-9-11 seconds
INR - ANSWER-1 (with warfarin 2-3)
K - ANSWER-3.5-5.0: intracellular, neuromuscular/muscular contraction, regulated by
kidney.
o Foods: avocado, potatoes, spinach, strawberries, tomatoes, raisins
o NEVER GIVEN IV PUSH, IM, SUBQ, max infusion 10 mEq/hr, K can cause
phlebitis=assess IV site frequently, assess renal function before administering, monitor
I&O
o High/low=impacted heart rhythm, and muscle function w/ leg cramping
o High d/t: K retaining diuretics, CRF, Addison's, tissue damage- if CRF=Kayexalate, IV
glucose with insulin, Ca, dialysis, avoid salt substitutes
o Low d/t diuretics/corticosteroids, vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction, CRF, -no
supplements on empty stomach
o Hypo=st depression Hyper=Tall T waves
Page 3 of 129
, Na - ANSWER-135-145: extracellular, regulates cell size and osmosis, maintains water
balance, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, BP, blood volume, regulates acid-base
balance, regulated by salt intake, aldosterone, urinary output
o Hyponatremia: d/t burns, diarrhea, HF, diuretics, vomiting, diaphoresis, CRF, SIADH,
^BS *Lithium Tox!
• S/s: mental confusion, seizures, hallucinations, brain herniation, death
o Hypernatremia: HTN, edema, Cushing's, CRF, hyperaldosteronism, hormones,
NSAIDS
• s/s: lethargic, excitability, hypovolemia, pulm edema, muscle twitches, coma, dry
flushed skin
Chloride - ANSWER-96-106: helps balance Na, extracellular fluid
WBC - ANSWER-5,000-10,oo0
60% Neutrophil: bacteria/fungus
40% Lymphocyte: virus/tumor
8% Monocyte: nonspecific
3% Eosinophil: allergies
0% Basophil: allergies
Troponin - ANSWER-lower then 0.1
BNP - ANSWER-under 100 (+100=HF)
Page 4 of 129
WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS AND RATIONALES
pH - ANSWER-7.35-7.45
PCO2 - ANSWER-35-45
HCO3 - ANSWER-22-26
PO2 - ANSWER-80-100%
SaO2 - ANSWER-96-100%
BUN - ANSWER-8-25
Creatinine - ANSWER-0.5-1
Waste product filtered out by kidneys
Total cholesterol - ANSWER-under 200
HDL - ANSWER-30-70
Good cholesterol
LDL
Bad cholesterol - ANSWER-less than 130
Triglycerides - ANSWER-under 200
Type of lipid that circulates in blood
High amount- increase risk heart disease and stroke
Page 1 of 129
,protein - ANSWER-6-8
albumin - ANSWER-3.5-5
-checks liver and kidney function
- high=dehydration, diarrhea
-low=kidney/liver disease, infection, inflammation
amylase - ANSWER-25-151
Enzyme helps digest carbs
lipase - ANSWER-10-140
Enzyme made in pancreas that break down fats
High- problem w prancers
ammonia - ANSWER-10-80
Toxic waste product made during protein digestion
High- liver disease, kidney failure, genetic disorder, Reyes
ALT/AST - ANSWER-10-40
Bilirubin - ANSWER-total less then 1.5
glucose - ANSWER-70-100
A1C - ANSWER-under 6%
Average blood sugar over 3 months
hemoglobin - ANSWER-woman 12-15, male 14-16
Page 2 of 129
,hematocrit - ANSWER-female 35-45% male 40-50%
platelets - ANSWER-150,000-400,000
aPTT - ANSWER-20-30 seconds
PT - ANSWER-9-11 seconds
INR - ANSWER-1 (with warfarin 2-3)
K - ANSWER-3.5-5.0: intracellular, neuromuscular/muscular contraction, regulated by
kidney.
o Foods: avocado, potatoes, spinach, strawberries, tomatoes, raisins
o NEVER GIVEN IV PUSH, IM, SUBQ, max infusion 10 mEq/hr, K can cause
phlebitis=assess IV site frequently, assess renal function before administering, monitor
I&O
o High/low=impacted heart rhythm, and muscle function w/ leg cramping
o High d/t: K retaining diuretics, CRF, Addison's, tissue damage- if CRF=Kayexalate, IV
glucose with insulin, Ca, dialysis, avoid salt substitutes
o Low d/t diuretics/corticosteroids, vomiting, diarrhea, NG suction, CRF, -no
supplements on empty stomach
o Hypo=st depression Hyper=Tall T waves
Page 3 of 129
, Na - ANSWER-135-145: extracellular, regulates cell size and osmosis, maintains water
balance, nerve impulses, muscle contraction, BP, blood volume, regulates acid-base
balance, regulated by salt intake, aldosterone, urinary output
o Hyponatremia: d/t burns, diarrhea, HF, diuretics, vomiting, diaphoresis, CRF, SIADH,
^BS *Lithium Tox!
• S/s: mental confusion, seizures, hallucinations, brain herniation, death
o Hypernatremia: HTN, edema, Cushing's, CRF, hyperaldosteronism, hormones,
NSAIDS
• s/s: lethargic, excitability, hypovolemia, pulm edema, muscle twitches, coma, dry
flushed skin
Chloride - ANSWER-96-106: helps balance Na, extracellular fluid
WBC - ANSWER-5,000-10,oo0
60% Neutrophil: bacteria/fungus
40% Lymphocyte: virus/tumor
8% Monocyte: nonspecific
3% Eosinophil: allergies
0% Basophil: allergies
Troponin - ANSWER-lower then 0.1
BNP - ANSWER-under 100 (+100=HF)
Page 4 of 129
