APHY 102 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 2026
Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that endocrine glands -
ANSWERSSecrete hormones directly into a body fluid
What is a hormone - ANSWERSA chemical messenger, that affects the functioning of
certain cells in the body
Which of the following endocrine glands is also a major exocrine gland of the digestive
system - ANSWERSPancreas
Find the false statement below, if any, about steroid hormones - ANSWERSTheir
receptors are located on the cell membrane of their target cells.
What is the secondary messenger system of hormone action - ANSWERSA method
used by certain hormones to exert their effects on their target cells, often involving the
activation of adenylate cyclase
What method of regulation does the hypothalamus use to control hormone release from
the anterior pituitary gland - ANSWERSIt secretes releasing or inhibiting hormones into
the hypophyseal portal system
One method of regulating hormone secretion in the body is by the concentration of
various ions or other substances in the body fluids, Which of the following hormones is
regulated mainly by concentration of K+ in the blood. - ANSWERSAldosterone
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning negative feedback - ANSWERSIt is
regulatory method used by the hypothalamus to control oxytocin secretion
What would happen to the level of TRH, in response to a significantly increased
production of TSH, due to the growth of a tumor in the pituitary gland - ANSWERSIt
would decrease due to negative feedback by T3 and T4
GHRH is synthesized by the __________, and its target organ(s) is/are___________ -
ANSWERSHypothalamus; the anterior of the pituitary gland
Where is calcitonin synthesized from - ANSWERSThyroid gland
Where is PRL synthesized from - ANSWERSAnterior pituitary gland
Where is oxytocin synthesized from - ANSWERSHypothalamus
,Where is calcitriol synthesized from - ANSWERSKidney
Where is cortisol synthesized from - ANSWERSAdrenal gland
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning the hormone ANH - ANSWERSIt
promotes water retention
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning the hormone renin - ANSWERSIt
inhibits the secretion of both ADH and Aldosterone
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning the effects of calcitonin on the body -
ANSWERSIt promotes the secretion of calcitriol
The middle layer of the adrenal cortex is called the ________, and it produces
__________ - ANSWERSZona fasciculata; cortisol and other glucocorticoids
Somatostatin actions/ description - ANSWERSDecreases secretion of GH, and also
slows the digestion process
Melatonin actions/ description - ANSWERSRegulates sleep and wake cycles and other
activities related to the body's biological clock
LH actions/ description - ANSWERSCauses ovulation in females, and production of sex
hormones in males and females
Epinephrine actions/ description - ANSWERSMobilizes energy sources, decreases
digestive activity, and increase heart and breathing rate during stress
Thyroxine actions/ description - ANSWERSIncrease metabolic rate in cellls, by
increasing O2 consumption, energy usage, and body temperature during exercise or
stress
All of the following hormones are synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland except: -
ANSWERSADH
Which of the following events would lead to increased secretion of ADH - ANSWERSA
decrease in blood volume
Which of the following would lead to increased secretion of CRH - ANSWERSA tumor
on the pituitary gland, that caused decreased secretion of all anterior pituitary hormones
CRH causes its target cells to secrete - ANSWERSACTH
Receptors for the hormone GH are found on which of the following cells - ANSWERSAll
cells, but especially liver, bone, muscle and cartilage cells
PTH Target - ANSWERSBones, kidneys, and sm intestine
, Thymosin target - ANSWERST-lymphocytes
FSH target - ANSWERSOvaries and testes
Erythropoietin target - ANSWERSRed bone marrow
Triiodothyronine target - ANSWERSMost cells of body
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning glucose balance in the body -
ANSWERSInsulin and glucagon have similiar effects on blood glucose level
Find false statement below, if any, about type I diabetes mellitus - ANSWERSIt involves
destruction of the insulin receptors on many of the body cells.
If an adult woman had to have her adrenal cortex (on both sides of the body) removed
because of a tumor, which hormone(s) would have to be administered to keep her alive
and helathy - ANSWERSCortisol and aldosterone (and related hormones)
A man went to the Dr, complaining of gradual enlargement of his hands, feet, tongue
and nose. X-rays revealed that his long bones were also becoming thickened. Which
hormone is likely present in abnormal concentration, and what is the name of his
condition - ANSWERSGH; Acromegaly
An older woman came in to see the Dr, and had the following symptoms: fatigue, weight
loss, joint and back pain, weakness, depression, and emotional swings. Tests showed
that she also had an elevated blood calcium level, kidney stones and an early stage of
osteoporosis. What endocrine disorder is she suffering from -
ANSWERSHyperparathyroidism
Which of the following hormones is considered to be antagonist of somatostatin -
ANSWERSGHRH
Which of the following endocrine glands produces 2 antagonistic hormones -
ANSWERSPancreas
Which of the following endocrine glands produces all the major "stress hormones" in the
body - ANSWERSAdrenal gland
Which of the following hormones is not considered important in the normal growth
process. - ANSWERSNone of the above
All of the following hormones would be secreted after severe blood loss, except -
ANSWERSANH
AND ANSWERS 2026
Endocrine glands differ from exocrine glands in that endocrine glands -
ANSWERSSecrete hormones directly into a body fluid
What is a hormone - ANSWERSA chemical messenger, that affects the functioning of
certain cells in the body
Which of the following endocrine glands is also a major exocrine gland of the digestive
system - ANSWERSPancreas
Find the false statement below, if any, about steroid hormones - ANSWERSTheir
receptors are located on the cell membrane of their target cells.
What is the secondary messenger system of hormone action - ANSWERSA method
used by certain hormones to exert their effects on their target cells, often involving the
activation of adenylate cyclase
What method of regulation does the hypothalamus use to control hormone release from
the anterior pituitary gland - ANSWERSIt secretes releasing or inhibiting hormones into
the hypophyseal portal system
One method of regulating hormone secretion in the body is by the concentration of
various ions or other substances in the body fluids, Which of the following hormones is
regulated mainly by concentration of K+ in the blood. - ANSWERSAldosterone
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning negative feedback - ANSWERSIt is
regulatory method used by the hypothalamus to control oxytocin secretion
What would happen to the level of TRH, in response to a significantly increased
production of TSH, due to the growth of a tumor in the pituitary gland - ANSWERSIt
would decrease due to negative feedback by T3 and T4
GHRH is synthesized by the __________, and its target organ(s) is/are___________ -
ANSWERSHypothalamus; the anterior of the pituitary gland
Where is calcitonin synthesized from - ANSWERSThyroid gland
Where is PRL synthesized from - ANSWERSAnterior pituitary gland
Where is oxytocin synthesized from - ANSWERSHypothalamus
,Where is calcitriol synthesized from - ANSWERSKidney
Where is cortisol synthesized from - ANSWERSAdrenal gland
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning the hormone ANH - ANSWERSIt
promotes water retention
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning the hormone renin - ANSWERSIt
inhibits the secretion of both ADH and Aldosterone
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning the effects of calcitonin on the body -
ANSWERSIt promotes the secretion of calcitriol
The middle layer of the adrenal cortex is called the ________, and it produces
__________ - ANSWERSZona fasciculata; cortisol and other glucocorticoids
Somatostatin actions/ description - ANSWERSDecreases secretion of GH, and also
slows the digestion process
Melatonin actions/ description - ANSWERSRegulates sleep and wake cycles and other
activities related to the body's biological clock
LH actions/ description - ANSWERSCauses ovulation in females, and production of sex
hormones in males and females
Epinephrine actions/ description - ANSWERSMobilizes energy sources, decreases
digestive activity, and increase heart and breathing rate during stress
Thyroxine actions/ description - ANSWERSIncrease metabolic rate in cellls, by
increasing O2 consumption, energy usage, and body temperature during exercise or
stress
All of the following hormones are synthesized by the anterior pituitary gland except: -
ANSWERSADH
Which of the following events would lead to increased secretion of ADH - ANSWERSA
decrease in blood volume
Which of the following would lead to increased secretion of CRH - ANSWERSA tumor
on the pituitary gland, that caused decreased secretion of all anterior pituitary hormones
CRH causes its target cells to secrete - ANSWERSACTH
Receptors for the hormone GH are found on which of the following cells - ANSWERSAll
cells, but especially liver, bone, muscle and cartilage cells
PTH Target - ANSWERSBones, kidneys, and sm intestine
, Thymosin target - ANSWERST-lymphocytes
FSH target - ANSWERSOvaries and testes
Erythropoietin target - ANSWERSRed bone marrow
Triiodothyronine target - ANSWERSMost cells of body
Find the false statement below, if any, concerning glucose balance in the body -
ANSWERSInsulin and glucagon have similiar effects on blood glucose level
Find false statement below, if any, about type I diabetes mellitus - ANSWERSIt involves
destruction of the insulin receptors on many of the body cells.
If an adult woman had to have her adrenal cortex (on both sides of the body) removed
because of a tumor, which hormone(s) would have to be administered to keep her alive
and helathy - ANSWERSCortisol and aldosterone (and related hormones)
A man went to the Dr, complaining of gradual enlargement of his hands, feet, tongue
and nose. X-rays revealed that his long bones were also becoming thickened. Which
hormone is likely present in abnormal concentration, and what is the name of his
condition - ANSWERSGH; Acromegaly
An older woman came in to see the Dr, and had the following symptoms: fatigue, weight
loss, joint and back pain, weakness, depression, and emotional swings. Tests showed
that she also had an elevated blood calcium level, kidney stones and an early stage of
osteoporosis. What endocrine disorder is she suffering from -
ANSWERSHyperparathyroidism
Which of the following hormones is considered to be antagonist of somatostatin -
ANSWERSGHRH
Which of the following endocrine glands produces 2 antagonistic hormones -
ANSWERSPancreas
Which of the following endocrine glands produces all the major "stress hormones" in the
body - ANSWERSAdrenal gland
Which of the following hormones is not considered important in the normal growth
process. - ANSWERSNone of the above
All of the following hormones would be secreted after severe blood loss, except -
ANSWERSANH
